Maslow's pyramid of needs has 7 levels. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Interesting Facts

American psychologist of the 20th century still carry a lot of weight in psychology, pedagogy, management, economics and its branches.

He is best known as the creator of the famous pyramid of needs, each step of which denotes a specific group of human needs.

In an extended version of Maslow's pyramid - 7 levels, and in the base 5 levels. There are also developments by other specialists based on Maslow's ideas, for example, the Henderson model, which includes 14 needs. The levels will be explained below.

Maslow's Theory - Briefly

What is a pyramid in Maslow's theorem?

Psychologists and psychotherapists of the early and mid-20th century focused primarily on study of deviations from the norm, and areas related to the study of mentally healthy people, their needs, difficulties, developmental characteristics, were studied not so actively.

Abraham Maslow (pictured) was one of those researchers who worked in the field of studying the mental norm and everything connected with it.

Abraham was born into a family of Jewish immigrants in 1908, and his childhood was difficult: he was an outcast among his peers due to his pronounced Jewish features in appearance and spent most of his free time reading books.

The craving for knowledge helped Abraham in many ways: he became one of the most outstanding students in the school, and after that he entered the law school. But he was not destined to become a lawyer: realizing his love for psychology, he changed his educational institution.

Initially, Abraham was attracted to ideas, but later he became interested in other approaches and founded humanistic psychology.

The first concept of human needs was outlined by Abraham Maslow in the early 40s of the 20th century, but later he several times returned to it and improved.

Initially, describing human needs, the American sociologist Maslow singled out a number of the most significant and sorted them into levels (see picture), depending on on the degree of importance for a comfortable existence.

If a person does not properly satisfy the "lower" needs, he will not be able to fully satisfy the "high" ones and, in principle, may not feel that it is necessary to do this. It is difficult to have the need to enjoy beautiful pictures if you are constantly starving.

Later, as it was refined, the concept became more perfect and received two additional levels of higher needs.

Classification of needs

Table with the classification of needs according to Maslow (7 levels):

These levels represent exactly the ladder or needs diagram that most people associate Abraham Maslow with. Originally it had only the first five levels, but after completion, there were seven.

At the same time, the five-level pyramid is still actively used, since not a very large number of people get to the sixth and seventh levels.

Drawing of the hierarchical scale of needs according to Maslow - 7 levels:

In medicine and the field of human care, the following model, created by Virginia Henderson based on Maslow's needs, is widespread and has 14 needs that need to be met in everyday life:

1. The ability to fully breathe.
2. Eat and drink enough.
3. Defecate.
4. The need to move, to change position.
5. Enough sleep and regular rest.
6. Put on and take off clothes, be able to pick them up.
7. Maintain body temperature.
8. Take care of the cleanliness of the body.
9. Maintain your own safety and not be a threat to others.
10. Comfortable to communicate.
11. It concerns religious people: to observe the canons of religion, to perform the necessary rituals.
12. Have a hobby and devote time to it regularly.
13. Have fun.
14. Satisfy cognitive needs.

This model is taken into account when working with patients, especially those who require care and support.

Primary and Secondary

Primary Needs- a group of innate needs, the need to satisfy which in one form or another has been present since the moment of birth.

The main support, a kind of foundation for all other needs are physiological needs: those thanks to which a person has the opportunity to continue life. If you stop satisfying them, a person will die.

And their insufficient satisfaction leads to the emergence of somatic and mental abnormalities that can significantly reduce life expectancy and worsen its quality.

Also primary are the needs that are on the second step of Maslow's pyramid: the need for security, the desire to be sure that nothing bad will happen in the future. This group of needs is also called existential.

At the core secondary needs are those needs that arise in a person under the influence of external factors. They are not innate.

The formation of secondary needs is influenced by:

Secondary needs include:

1. : the desire to be accepted by society, to have close social ties, to love and be loved, to feel community, involvement in a common cause.
2. Prestigious: the desire to succeed, to feel the respect of others, to earn more and so on.
3. : the desire to know oneself and the world around, to develop intellectually, physically, morally, to enjoy the beautiful and create it, to achieve all the goals and fully reveal the inner potential.

As a person develops, new secondary needs may arise.

Violated

- needs that a person is not able to satisfy for any reason.

Prolonged unsatisfaction of the need can lead to serious deviations in mental health.

And if the vital needs are not satisfied, then in the physical, up to death.

The topic of disturbed needs is considered most closely in the context of helping people with serious somatic diseases who, for health reasons, cannot provide care for themselves.

This topic is included in the programs of medical and some pedagogical educational institutions, courses for training nurses.

The task of the person who cares for the sick is to identify what needs he is unable to satisfy and help him: for example, to ensure the cleanliness of the body, talk, read books aloud, help change posture, feed, give medicine.

If the patient cannot properly explain what he needs to the person who will take care of him, it is important to ask his relatives, get acquainted with the recommendations of the attending physicians and with the medical record, assess the situation in the house and the general condition of the patient.

Even relatively mobile old people cannot always fully meet their needs due to health problems.

Therefore, it is important that relatives are interested in their condition and help as much as possible: installed handrails and non-slip coatings in the bathroom, brought purchases, talked, went for a walk with them.

In some cases, a violation of needs is observed in people who do not have serious somatic diseases.

This often indicates that the person has mental illness, for example, at which there may not be forces to perform elementary actions.

In such cases, it is important to contact a psychotherapist as soon as possible.

Timely satisfaction of needs will enable a person feel comfortable and enjoy life, therefore, it is important to take care of yourself more often and of those around you who find it difficult to meet their own needs on their own.

About Abraham Maslow's pyramid of needs in this video:

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In psychology, there is a basic concept that every psychologist uses - Maslow's pyramid of needs or Maslow's pyramid of 7 levels. What it is?

If you talk about Maslow's pyramid, then it will already be clear to you what the needs and desires of any person are, and you yourself, without the basics of psychology, will be able to figure out who is driven by some needs and who by others. It is worth studying just one pyramid to feel like a little bit of a psychologist.

In fact, there can be many drawings and all of them are quite diversely presented, but this does not change their essence.

For example, Maslow's pyramid has 7 levels of a picture

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Maslow's pyramid level 7 drawings

Why are some people satisfied with their lives while others are not?

A prominent American psychologist, the founder of humanistic psychology, came up with a pyramid of needs for each person, with which you can easily understand why we do not understand each other.

It should be borne in mind that the hierarchy of needs of Maslov has 7 levels, each individual is different. Vasya, Kolya or Svyatoslav, for example, can stop at the 3rd step of the pyramid, and they will be satisfied with their own lives. And the needs, let's say Lucy and Katya are at the 7th level of the pyramid. What does this mean?

The fact that for one person it is enough to dig a garden and plant potatoes, he will be satisfied with his life, another will need the 7th level of self-realization in order to feel satisfied and filled with energy. Each person is individual and has his own personality type.

It is for this reason that a woman who cooks and cleans and receives the highest satisfaction from this (due to the fact that she simply does not need anything else) in her level of needs will never understand another woman who strives to be successful and self-fulfilled and the latter can this need and a feeling of inner dissatisfaction should be very pronounced if it does not reach this need.

The presence of a certain number of children, dogs, cats is not able to affect its level of priorities. This is the psychology of every person. It is for this reason that some women, even mothers, are not able to understand their daughters, who strive not to stand at the stove, but to be in demand and interesting to themselves. In the same way, girlfriends cannot understand each other. Each person has his own path, destined by date of birth, conditions of upbringing, desires, feelings and priorities.

It is for this reason that it is difficult for a husband whose wife does not strive to stand at the stove and cook delights every day to understand her level of needs, only for the reason that he is used to watching his mother, who herself realized herself at this stage and no longer yearned for another. Because she didn't really need it.

Or vice versa, if a guy comes across a woman who only wants to bake and clean, he may be so bored and uninterested, because he has a need for self-actualization, a higher need to be a person in demand and he wants her to share his interests.

Even a champion athlete may not feel successful enough, although it would seem that he has reached the highest degree of Maslow's pyramid of the 7th level of actualization. But he is driven by the constant movement forward, the search for himself and the desire to overcome and grow up, even higher!

We list the basic human needs.

1. physiological needs. The simplest: hunger, sleep, thirst and instinctive sexual desire, reproduction. There is already a good joke that our main physiological need is the Internet.
2. Safety. As soon as a person has satisfied the feeling of satiety, he is driven by the need for security, a roof over his head, warmth, comfort.
3. Love. The need for love and the need to be in some kind of group to have friends and like-minded people of interest. A person wants to love and be loved. It is also important to him the social level of communication.
4. respect or recognition. The need for success, achievement.
5. Cognition. A person strives to learn information, to be able to apply it in practice, strives to read more, watch informative, smart programs.
6. Aesthetics. aesthetic needs. Harmony, beauty, beauty, artistic taste, imagination.
7. Self-realization. This is the achievement of goals, constant spiritual development, the use of abilities and talents. Demand, the desire to constantly move forward!

Maslow pyramid 7 levels photo helps to see visually and remember 7 main priorities.

This includes the need to satisfy hunger, thirst, the need for fresh air, regular sleep, etc.

1. Safety.

This includes both personal health security and financial security.

1. Belonging and love

The presence of friends and a beloved life partner, family values ​​- according to Maslow, this is the 3rd level of needs

1. Respect

The need for recognition and respect from others - family members, colleagues, friends.

1. Cognition

The need to learn something new, to know the world

1. Aesthetics

The need for harmony in the world and in oneself

1. Self-realization

The need to leave one's significance in the world, to live life not in vain, to leave a memory of oneself to future generations

The differences from the standard are the levels of "Cognition" and "Aesthetics".

Let's dwell on them in more detail.

Level 5. Cognition

This level includes the need for learning and the desire to constantly learn something new. This includes the study of foreign languages, and the thirst for travel, the desire to see the world and learn more about different peoples and countries.

Why "Knowledge" is only the 5th level.

Obviously, one cannot talk about the desire to learn if there is no food, water, health. It is also clear that the need for friendship and family is also much stronger.

But, the need for respect (4th level), as it seems in its strength is quite close to cognition. Still, one can imagine that a person yearns for knowledge, but at the same time has not received respect in society. This may be.

However, Maslow took cognition to a slightly higher level.

Level 6. Aesthetics

The word aesthetics in Maslow's pyramid is understood as the desire of people to build order, to live in accordance with the rules, not to break them.

Abraham Maslow is an American humanist psychologist who studied the problems of personality motivation, that is, the forces that impel it to action. The result of these studies was the well-known Maslow's Pyramid of Needs. This model is based on the assumption that they are hierarchized, that is, unequal, and the satisfaction of conditionally higher ones is possible only after those on the lower level are satisfied. The pyramid of needs compiled by Maslow consists of 7 steps, it is based on the so-called basic or vital ones. These are the first steps, without their “passing”, without meeting the vital physiological needs, a person, according to Maslow, does not even think about the needs of a higher order.

The researcher combines needs into 5 groups:

• Physiological. They include hunger, thirst, satisfaction of sexual desire, etc.
• Existential. The desire for constancy of life, comfort, a sense of security.
• Social. The need for social contacts, communication, exchange of experience, attention and care for both oneself and others, a sense of involvement and unity.
• The need to assert oneself, receive praise and gratitude for the work done, development, respect of others.
• Spiritual. Self-knowledge, self-realization, search for the meaning of life, self-actualization.

A more detailed pyramid of needs according to Maslow is as follows:

1. A basic level of. Satisfaction is a must for life. This includes the needs for food, sex, sleep, and so on.
2. Feeling of confidence. A person with satisfied basic needs becomes calmer, the search instinct becomes dull and there is a need for protection, a shelter, which within the framework of society is expressed in the need to find a close and understanding person, to gain care and understanding. It is from this level that Maslow's pyramid of needs indicates the predominance of social needs.
3. The need for belonging and love. The desire to feel part of the whole, to be needed and accepted. The need for understanding, tenderness, warm and trusting relationships.
4. The need for respect and recognition. Relatively speaking, a well-fed person, who is accepted and loved, strives for more - for the respect of strangers, for recognizing himself as a developed and capable person.
5. cognitive needs. Following the acquisition of fame or recognition of the desired level, there is a thirst for "internal growth" - obtaining new knowledge, development. The horizon is expanding, and such a person wants to know the world around him, to expand the boundaries of his knowledge. That is, concentration on one's life is replaced by a desire to explore, to know the experience of other people in particular and the laws of nature and the world in general.
6. The view from the satisfaction of purely egoistic needs begins to gradually shift towards the harmonization of life around oneself. Emphasis on beauty, harmony both in the inner world of man and in the outer. Rather ordinary needs are replaced by an attraction to art.
7. Highest level. The need for self-actualization. By self-actualization, Maslow understood the natural desire of a person with satisfied needs of the lower levels to "full disclosure of himself." Simply put, such a person - mature - becomes the desire to find himself in the world, to become useful to society. Serve others and share your knowledge, skills, qualities with them. This level is the apotheosis of the development of a personality that has gone beyond the selfish satisfaction of needs.

It should be noted that Maslow's pyramid of needs is only a model of the structure of personality motives. Which absolutely does not mean the reduction of the previous level upon reaching the next one. A person striving for the general well-being still wants to have close relationships, just feels hungry and thirsty.

Maslow's pyramid of needs contains information that a person tends to strive to develop and self-actualize. However, this is only possible if current needs are met.

Every person who has ever attended psychological courses and business trainings has heard about Maslow's pyramid. One question remains: "How to apply it in everyday life and work?". We will talk about this in this article.

Maslow's pyramid is a small model of human needs, arranged in order of importance. It was developed by the psychologist Abraham Maslow, who lived and practiced in America. In addition, he published several books in which the ideas of the author were fully revealed.

According to Maslow, it cannot be considered that a person seeks to satisfy exclusively physiological needs, as psychologists have said earlier. There is a certain hierarchy in the nature of human needs. After the natural needs determined by physiology, there are needs of a higher type, which directly affect the actions and thoughts of each person.

Maslow's pyramid structure (7 levels)

An American psychologist identified several levels of needs:

1. Physiology.
2. Safety.
3. Love, belonging.
4. The need for respect, recognition by society.
5. Cognition.
6. aesthetic needs.
7. Self-actualization.

All of them can be grouped into species groups. Some are responsible for human physiology, others for the desire for security, others are responsible for socialization in society, the fourth speak of prestige, and the fifth elevate the spiritual side of life.

The scientist argues that needs can be divided into lower and higher. Satisfaction of the first is obligatory. This is necessary for the banal survival of man. The lowest needs are also manifested in animals.

Satisfying higher needs is not easy. To do this, create suitable conditions. But their implementation strengthens physical and psychological health. Only 2% of people reach the top of the pyramid, the rest hang along the way. Only after satisfying the previous need, you can proceed to the next one.

Another scientist, Philip Kotler, came up with the idea of ​​combining needs into a pyramid, and this was done after the death of Abraham Maslow. It occurred to him to transform human needs by translating them into the field of marketing.

Let's look at each need in more detail:

• Physiology.

This level unites man and animal. These include saturation with food, sleep, rest, thirst, sexual instinct. With regard to the latter, Maslow amends, arguing that sex is not the only reason why a person decides to find a mate.

• Safety.

The desire for security is manifested by a person at an early age. The child begins to cry when the mother leaves him for a long time. To cover the need for food, a person is looking for a job that will bring him income. But here, too, the desire for security takes its toll - the presence of social guarantees, the stability of the company play an important role in employment.

• Belonging, love.

This desire makes people unite in interest groups, make friends, create family units.

Any instinct can be taken as the basis of the family - physiological, the desire for security, the desire to know the meaning of life through caring for a loved one. The choice is made on the basis of the general satisfaction of a person, the formation of his personality, the successful completion of previous needs.

The more a child was loved in childhood, the more chances he has to grow up as a mentally healthy person, to create his own strong family.

• Confession.

The self-esteem of a person, his need and usefulness to society depend on the closure of this need.

The formation of personality does not depend on false respect, but on the real merits of a person. Sports success, career, creativity are taken as the basis. Lack of proper recognition is often the main reason for applying for a dismissal. It is for this reason that it is important to determine the vector of your development and move along it.

It is very interesting to see how marketers play with this human need for their own purposes. They replace the respect earned by work with external paraphernalia. The substitution of concepts leads to the fact that a person is beginning to be valued not for achievements, but for branded clothes or the use of luxury cosmetics.

• Knowledge, understanding.

Its other name is cognitive. This need is what distinguishes humans from animals. It is built on the desire to learn new things, and not just on the fear that he will not be able to navigate in an unforeseen situation.

From early childhood, a child learns the world through touch, tasting toys. An adult realizes the need through travel, religion, philosophy, reading books, otherwise he may fall into a long depression. This also applies to those who are engaged in monotonous, boring work for a long time.

• Aesthetics.

The desire to decorate this world with new colors can be attributed to the aesthetic need. It becomes physically unbearable for a person to be in a gray, boring world. The vision of beauty is inherent in every person from birth, but some manage to develop this ability more strongly. Someone decorates their home, creating a designer interior on their own, others splash everything into creativity.

It is on this need that the world of fashion and beauty is built. Without her, show business would not exist.

• Self-actualization.

This is the development of one's own personality, the highest level of needs. For the harmonious development of a personality, it is vital for a person to reveal the potential inherent in him through creativity, work or a hobby, to realize his goals and abilities.

Controversial points regarding the structure of the pyramid

At first glance, everything seems quite logical, but it is not quite so. Its creator himself said that needs can change places, depending on the individual. After all, many of us have met people who are completely dedicated to building a successful career, forgetting about family and love.

Not always the complete closure of the previous stage guarantees the transition to the next and vice versa. For example, great creators very often lived in poverty and hunger, but did not leave their favorite pastime. Maslow himself explains such examples by the fact that in such people, previous needs were maximally closed in childhood, so they were able to give them up in adulthood.

In addition, it is possible to fall down if one of the needs located there was not fully satisfied earlier. Heated disputes are caused by setting the sexual instinct in the first place. The examples of holy men prove quite the opposite.

The study of the pyramid is quite an interesting process, but you should not take it as a basis, because each person is unique.

Application of the Maslow pyramid in life

However, do not underestimate the conclusions of the American scientist.

The study of the pyramid will allow a person to:

• Understand your personality, understand which needs are already fully satisfied, and where there is a significant drawback.
• Set life goals and priorities. Understanding them will help you achieve your goals faster and more efficiently.
• Choose an interesting direction of future activity in which you can build a career, having achieved success.
• Be more sensitive to the wishes of loved ones, understand their needs, guide.

How to apply the pyramid in building a career?

As mentioned earlier, Maslow's pyramid is actively used by marketers, creating new values ​​that the target audience will subsequently desire. In addition, it will be useful to managers and business coaches. Proper motivation of subordinates can bring the process of organizing work to a new level, without a significant investment of financial resources.

If we consider the ideal situation, each employee should have a stable salary, remembering the need to strive for security, additional bonuses and the opportunity to create or participate in various social associations (corporate parties, sports competitions). Any kind of rewards will speak of recognition, and individual tasks will contribute to the development of creative abilities.