I was driving here and the rye was starting to turn yellow. Punctuation Guide - Rosenthal D.E.

In the slanting morning rays at the edge of the forest there is a dazzling whiteness of birches, whiter than marble columns. Here, under the birch trees, the buckthorn is still blooming with its extraordinary flowers, I’m afraid that the rowan has not started well, and the raspberries are strong and the currants are strong, with large green berries.

Every day now, “peek-a-boo” is heard less and less often in the forest, and the well-fed summer silence with the roll call of children and parents grows more and more. As a rare case - the drum trill of a woodpecker. If you hear it close, you will even shudder and think: “is there anyone?” There is no more general green noise, here is the song thrush - he sings so well, but he sings alone... Maybe this song sounds better now - the best time is ahead, because this is the very beginning of summer, in two days Semik. But all the same, that something is no longer there, it has passed, the sunset of the year has begun.

OSINKAM IS COLD

On a sunny day in autumn, at the edge of a spruce forest, young multi-colored aspen trees gathered, densely one another, as if they were cold there in the spruce forest and they went out to warm themselves at the edge, as in our villages people go out into the sun and sit on the rubble.

AUTUMN DEW

It dawned on me. Flies are knocking on the ceiling. The sparrows are herding. Rooks are in the harvested fields. Forty families graze on the roads. The ridges are cold and grey. Another dewdrop in the axil of a leaf sparkles all day...

There is a barn spirit in the village.

At dawn, geese - oak socks - knock merrily.

The mushroom climbs and climbs.

LEAF FALL

A hare came out of the dense fir trees under a birch tree and stopped when he saw a large clearing. He didn’t dare go straight to the other side and walked around the entire clearing from birch tree to birch tree. So he stopped and listened... If you are afraid of something in the forest, it is better not to go while the leaves are falling and whispering. The hare listens: it seems to him as if someone is whispering from behind and sneaking. It is possible, of course, for a cowardly hare to pluck up courage and not look back, but here something else happens: you were not afraid, did not succumb to the deception of falling leaves, and just then someone took advantage of you and quietly grabbed you in the teeth from behind.

I was driving here and the rye was starting to turn yellow. Now I’m leaving back - people eat this rye, and the new one turns green again. Then the trees in the forest merged into one green mass, now each one appears on its own. And it’s always like this in autumn. She doesn’t undress a lot of trees right away, she gives everyone a little time to be and show off separately.

Fogs rose from the fields, from the meadows, from the waters and melted into the azure sky, but in the forest the fogs lingered for a long time. The sun rises higher, the rays penetrate through the forest fog into the depths of the thicket, and there, in the thicket, you can look directly at them.

The green paths in the forest seem to be smoking, the fog is rising everywhere, the water is sitting in bubbles on the leaves, on the needles of the fir trees, on the spider webs, on the telegraph wire. And, as the sun rises and the air warms up, the drops on the telegraph wire begin to merge with one another and thin out. Probably the same thing is done on trees: drops merge there too.

And when, finally, the sun began to warm up the telegraph wire, large rainbow drops began to fall to the ground. And the same thing in the coniferous and deciduous forest - it wasn’t rain, but as if joyful tears were shed. The aspen was especially trembling and joyful when one drop falling from above set a sensitive leaf in motion, and so lower and lower the entire aspen, sparkling in complete calm, trembled from the falling drop.

At this time, some of the highly alert webs of spiders dried out, and the spiders began to tighten their signal threads. A woodpecker knocked on the tree and pecked a blackbird on a mountain ash tree.

WINDY DAY

This fresh wind knows how to speak tenderly to the hunter, just as the hunters themselves often chatter among themselves from an excess of joyful expectations. You can speak and you can remain silent: conversation and silence are easy for a hunter. It happens that a hunter is animatedly telling something, but suddenly something flashed in the air, the hunter looked there and then: “What was I talking about?” I didn’t remember, and - nothing: you can start something else. So the hunting wind in the fall constantly whispers about something and, without finishing one thing, moves on to another; Then I heard the muttering of a young black grouse and stopped, the cranes were screaming...

The double sky, with the clouds moving in different directions, ended with rain for two days, and the rain ended with icy clouds. But the sun shone in the morning, not paying attention to this conspiracy of the sky, and I hastened to go hunting with my camera. The rye sown by the soldiers came out of the ground: each of these soldiers was dressed in red right down to the ground, and the bayonet was green, and on each bayonet hung a huge lingonberry drop, sparkling in the sun, sometimes directly like the sun, sometimes iridescently like a diamond. . When I looked at the camera sight and a picture of troops in red shirts with green guns and individual suns sparkling for each soldier appeared to me, my delight was immeasurable. Not paying any attention to the dirt, I lay down on my stomach and tried in different ways to remove these shoots.

No, it turned out that it was impossible to remove it with my means: after all, the red shirts of the soldiers would certainly have come out dark and merged with the ground, and with a large aperture, only the front ones would come out with a large aperture, but if you stopped the aperture too much and put it on constant focus, they would come out too small. You can’t capture everything with a camera, but if it weren’t for the camera, I wouldn’t have laid down in the dirt and on my stomach and wouldn’t have noticed that the rising sandpipers looked like red soldiers with green guns.

LAST FLOWERS

Another frosty night. In the morning on the field I saw a group of surviving blue bells - a bumblebee was sitting on one of them. I tore off the bell, the bumblebee did not fly off, I shook off the bumblebee, it fell. I put him under a hot beam, he came to life, recovered and flew. And on the cancer neck, in the same way, a red dragonfly became numb overnight and before my eyes recovered under the hot beam and flew away. And grasshoppers in huge numbers began to fall from under our feet, and among them were cracklings, flying up with a crash, blue and bright red.

The earth, loosened by the ants' work, was covered with lingonberries on top, and a mushroom appeared under the berries, and little by little, pushing with its elastic cap, it lifted up above itself a whole arch of lingonberries, and itself, completely white, appeared into the light.

In winter, birches hide in the coniferous forest, and in spring, when the leaves unfold, it seems as if birches are emerging from a dark forest to the edge. This happens until the foliage on the birch trees darkens and more or less matches the color of the coniferous trees. And it also happens in the fall, when the birch trees, before disappearing, say goodbye to us with their gold.

THE HAT IS BURNING ON THE THIEF

It’s quiet in the gold, and everywhere on the grass, like canvases, the frost is real, visible, not the kind that the owners talk about, drizzle, which means cold dew. Only at eight in the morning did this real visible frost become covered in dew and the canvases under the birches disappeared. The leaf flowed everywhere. In the distance, spruce and pine trees say goodbye to birches, and tall aspens form a red cap over the forest, and for some reason from my distant childhood I remember a completely incomprehensible saying: “A thief’s cap burns.”

And the swallows are still here.

In such silence, when without grasshoppers in the grass the grasshoppers sang in their own ears, a yellow leaf slowly flew down from a birch tree covered with tall spruce trees. He flew off in such silence that even the aspen leaf did not move. It seemed that the movement of the leaf attracted the attention of everyone, and everyone was eating, birch and pine trees with all their leaves, twigs, needles, and even the bushes, even the grass under the bushes, marveled and asked: “How could a leaf move and move in such silence?” And, obeying everyone’s request to find out whether the leaf moved by itself, I went to him and found out. No, the leaf did not move by itself; it was the spider, wanting to descend, he weighed it down and made it his parachute: a small spider landed on this leaf.

Topic: Non-union complex sentence.

Educational:

Systematize the material according to the syntax of a non-conjunctive complex sentence;

improve students' knowledge about the nature of semantic relationships between parts of the BSP;

Educational:

Develop skills in placing punctuation marks between parts in the BSP;

Develop skills in creating BSP schemes;

Develop intellectual skills: analyze, classify and systematize material according to the syntax of a complex sentence.

Educational:

Foster the desire for self-control and reflection;

Cultivate interest in studying the subject.

Expected result: students can identify complex sentences without conjunctions, determine semantic relationships in the BSP, and know how to place punctuation marks.

Visual aids: interactive whiteboard, task cards, video test, envelopes with tasks, markers, glue.

Lesson type: lesson of generalization, systematization and testing of knowledge.

During the classes:

Organizational moment (2 min)

a) Introductory speech by the teacher.

- Hello guys! I am glad to see you. Today we have an unusual lesson. Guests are present at the lesson. Your task: to show everything you can and know about BSP and more. I hope that the lesson will be interesting and useful for you.

b) division into groups using cards with diagrams of non-union proposals.

A) with a dash - B) with a colon:

II. Lesson topic and objectives (2-min)

What's on the cards?

How are they different from each other?

What do you think the topic of our lesson will be?

Yes, that's right. Write down today's date and topic of the lesson in your notebooks.

Our goal is to repeat and generalize knowledge on the topic “BSP”.

You will evaluate your participation in the lesson yourself. To do this, you will put a grade on the cards in the appropriate column, and at the end of the lesson, add up all the numbers and divide by the number of all tasks, and thus you will get the grade for the lesson.

III. Reviewing what you have learned about BSP

1. “Repetition is the mother of learning.” Drawing up a concept map (CMP) - 3 min

2. Bloom's Taxonomy - 5 minutes

Why is the proposal called non-union?

Why is there a comma in the BSP?

Why is there a semicolon?

Why is there a colon?

Why is there a dash?

Video repetition with test – 8 minutes

3. “Create a passport” (work in groups) -5 minutes.

(For example: 1. BSP 2. Consists of 2 sentences 3. A colon is inserted because...

4. Sentence outline

Warm up. 2-min (Skeletons)

4. "Mail". Tasks for groups in 2 envelopes – 5 minutes

Clouds rolled in and it began to rain.

I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening.

Taking on everything means doing nothing.

I understood: only an accident could help us out.

I am sad: my friend is not with me.

5. “I want to ask” -5 min What is being asked?

IV. Reflection. "Telegram". 2 minutes

Red is excellent, yellow is good, green is bad.

	semicolon	colon

V. Evaluation (points are counted)

VI. Homework

1) - if the parts of the sentence are closely related in meaning and denote events that occur sequentially one after another.

2) - if the parts are less connected in meaning and more common (there are additional punctuation marks inside them).

3) if the second sentence explains the first. and mentally you can substitute the conjunction viz.

4) if the second sentence complements the first, it contains additional information..

5) if the second sentence states the reason for the first. From the first sentence you can ask the question why?

6) if the first sentence contains a condition, the conjunction if can be substituted.

7) if the second sentence contains a consequence of the events mentioned in the first part and conjunctions can be added to the second sentence as a result of which or so that.

8) if a conjunction can be substituted in the first sentence when

9) if the conjunction a can be substituted in the second sentence.

10) if the parts of the sentence are closely related in meaning and denote events occurring simultaneously.

“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"
“Repetition is the mother of learning.”	Bloom's Taxonomy	"Create a passport"		"I want to ask you"

1. I looked at my watch and realized: the train had already left. 2. Snow fell - traffic jams began in the city center. 3. My vision grew dark and my head began to spin. 4. The swallows have arrived - it will be a good summer. 5. The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service

1. I looked at my watch and realized: the train had already left. 2. Snow fell - traffic jams began in the city center. 3. My vision grew dark and my head began to spin. 4. The swallows have arrived - it will be a good summer. 5. The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service

1. I looked at my watch and realized: the train had already left. 2. Snow fell - traffic jams began in the city center. 3. My vision grew dark and my head began to spin. 4. The swallows have arrived - it will be a good summer. 5. The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service

1. I looked at my watch and realized: the train had already left. 2. Snow fell - traffic jams began in the city center. 3. My vision grew dark and my head began to spin. 4. The swallows have arrived - it will be a good summer. 5. The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service

1. I looked at my watch and realized: the train had already left. 2. Snow fell - traffic jams began in the city center. 3. My vision grew dark and my head began to spin. 4. The swallows have arrived - it will be a good summer.

1. These things can be left: we will not need them. 2. Evening came, it began to rain, and the wind blew intermittently from the north. 3. I looked around several times - there was no one there. 4. He screamed and was stunned: a dead man appeared to him. 5. Called yourself a milk mushroom - get into the back.

1. These things can be left: we will not need them. 2. Evening came, it began to rain, and the wind blew intermittently from the north. 3. I looked around several times - there was no one there. 4. He screamed and was stunned: a dead man appeared to him. 5. Called yourself a milk mushroom - get into the back.

1. These things can be left: we will not need them. 2. Evening came, it began to rain, and the wind blew intermittently from the north. 3. I looked around several times - there was no one there. 4. He screamed and was stunned: a dead man appeared to him. 5. Called yourself a milk mushroom - get into the back.

1. These things can be left: we will not need them. 2. Evening came, it began to rain, and the wind blew intermittently from the north. 3. I looked around several times - there was no one there. 4. He screamed and was stunned: a dead man appeared to him. 5. Called yourself a milk mushroom - get into the back.

1. These things can be left: we will not need them. 2. Evening came, it began to rain, and the wind blew intermittently from the north. 3. I looked around several times - there was no one there. 4. He screamed and was stunned: a dead man appeared to him. 5. Called yourself a milk mushroom - get into the back.

They were silent the whole way from the station to the farm: the bumpy ride made it difficult to talk.

My vision darkened and my head began to spin.

I was driving here - the rye was just starting to turn yellow.

I am sad: my friend is not with me.

We stood in place all day because we were drying our property and resting.

Q. I repeated the invitation, but he did not answer.

C. If the geese fly high, then there will be a lot of water.

Group "Luck". Rearrange complex union sentences into non-union sentences. Write them down using punctuation marks.

A. It was decided to leave early, and we got up just before dawn.

V. I went to the window and saw that at night the snow had covered the whole garden.

S. When morning comes, we will hit the road.

Group "Joy". Rearrange complex union sentences into non-union sentences. Write them down using punctuation marks

A. I tried to run, but my legs didn’t move from fear.

B. It’s not good to plow quietly, because instead of grain you’ll get grass.

S. I immediately realized that the rooster was somewhere here.

8. Occasionally, in a non-union complex sentence consisting of three parts, two colons are placed (on different bases or with the same base): Well, yes, it goes without saying: the soul is not an apple: you cannot divide it(T.); You kept pestering me: teach us music and the French dialect: here you have a Frenchman who plays the piano(T.); Her passion for cleanliness drove her to self-forgetfulness: she could spend the whole day cleaning, putting away, washing, dusting and tidying up the hut with unexpected skill: she would hang towels with a display on the window jambs, or in the winter she would place golden wreaths of wood above the pictures and on the mirror. straw, and in the summer- bunches of flowers that he randomly collects on the estate(Ch.); There is no need to talk about spring: the bird cherry blossoms together, white-white, You will feel slightly dizzy and confused for a moment: how can this be?(Sol.); However, this did not console me at all: the thought, once it came to mind, will not go far and, when necessary, will certainly return, but the capercaillie flew away, and the face of this day, which will never return like that, was determined: I missed the capercaillie(Priv.); And in the cell it was no longer as dark as in the first minute, when the smokehouse went out and the match broke: the outlines of a couch, a pillow on the bed and a tub of water became dimly visible: then the semicircular windows, miraculously brightening, poured snow, moonlight, and sad light into the cell deep winter light(Berg.)".

Usually in these cases, in order to avoid a cluster of colons in a sentence, one of them is replaced with a dash: There is no “mass of readers”, even if a book has a massive circulation: readers read differently - There are books in which one thing is accessible to everyone, another only to some(Er.); There is one peculiarity in this book - you immediately feel that it was written by a painter: the reader sees landscapes, scenes, people(Er.); The command confidently entrusted Vorobyov with the most important combat tasks: in a short time it became obvious that this lieutenant, who seemed to be still a teenager, had recently graduated from college, had become a strong-willed, resourceful and, most importantly, quite experienced commander; I listened to him carefully: I remember the old rule - it is better to listen to everything to the end, and then only raise questions or object.

"See: Shapiro A.B. Fundamentals of Russian punctuation. M., 1955. P. 171; Lapotko A.G., Popova Z.D. Dash and colon in their relation to each other in multicomponent constructions // Modern Russian punctuation. M., 1979. (Many examples in the section are borrowed from these sources.)

§ 45. Dash in a non-union complex sentence

A dash in a non-union complex sentence is usually placed in cases where the main part of the statement (sometimes corresponding to the main part in a complex sentence) is contained in the second part of the complex sentence, and the first part (corresponding to the subordinate part) has a subordinate meaning, indicating the time or condition of the occurrence the action discussed in the second part, sometimes the reason, concession, etc. (see conditions for placing a colon in a non-union complex sentence, § 44). Wed. sentences given in pairs:

It’s impossible to go out: it’s pouring rain outside (the main content is contained in the first part, the reason is indicated in the second). - It's pouring rain outside - it's impossible to go out (the reason is indicated in the first part, the consequence, the conclusion is given in the second, which forms the basis of the statement);

The youth left: the evening became boring (left because I got bored). - The youth left - the evening became boring (I left, so it became boring).

With equal semantic relations between both parts, they have the meaning of comparison, opposition, etc.

1. A dash is placed in a non-union complex sentence, splitting into two parts, if the second of them contains an unexpected addition, indicating a rapid change of events: A week passed, another- suddenly a stroller drives into my yard(P.); The cheese fell out - there was such a trick with him(Kr.); Ivan Ivanovich approached the gate, rattled the latch - a dog barked from inside(G.); Just give him a knife and let him go on the highway - he’ll kill you, he’ll kill you for a penny(G.); You pass by a tree

It doesn’t move, it luxuriates (T.); Suddenly men with axes appeared - the forest rang, groaned, crackled (N.); Ignat pulled the trigger

The gun misfired (Ch.); A ray of sun will fall on the grass - the grass will flash with emerald and pearls (M.G.); The wind blew - everything trembled, came to life and laughed (M.G.); Snowstorm was already very close to the fire - suddenly a horse neighing was heard in the darkness (F.); Walk along a dead street at noon - you won’t meet a person (Sh.); Before the sun had time to warm the earth, the whole sky began to hum

(Bub.) [cf. with a conjunction sentence: Before I had time to pay my old coachman, Dunya returned with a samovar(P.)].

2. A dash is placed if in the second part of a non-union complex sentence the opposition is expressed in relation to the content of the first part (a conjunction can be inserted between the parts

or a): I would be glad to serve - it’s sickening to be served (Gr.); The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service (Gr.); He sits down to sew but doesn’t know how to pick up a needle; they scold her - she remains silent (P.); A week passed, a month - he did not return to his home (P.); I grab the belt

There is no gun (L.); I began to call the owner - they were silent; I knock - they are silent (L.); Until ten o'clock we darted through the reeds and through the forest - there was no animal (L.); The oak is holding on - the reed has fallen to the ground (Kr.); He ran his eyes painfully over the ceiling, wanted to leave his place, to run - his legs did not obey (Gonch.); At that time, you already meet in France a class of people who, with a general loss, gain: the nobility is deprived of its rights - they aggravate theirs; people are dying of hunger - they are full; the people arm themselves and go to defeat their enemies - they profitably supply cloth and provisions (Hertz.); I have been serving for sixteen years - this has never happened to me (L.T.); They mowed a mile - they mowed a penny (M.G.); The Falcon flies high - it clings to the ground (M.G.); Pika took up the sewing - the threads got tangled and torn; sat down to play checkers - lost (F.); In Andersen's fairy tales, not only flowers, winds, and trees gain the gift of speech - the home world of things and toys also comes to life in them (Paust.); It wasn’t Mishka’s bag that was stolen - it was his last hope that was stolen (Nev.); It was not a tired, sick soldier walking from the front - it was a builder walking (Hump.); He is a guest - I am the host (Bagr.); The battle was not started by our will - we will finish it with our glory (As.); It was not wounds, not a diseased lung that tormented him - it was the consciousness of uselessness that irritated him (Paul); I am for a candle - a candle in the stove (Chuk.); The brave win - the cowardly perish (last); Summer stores - winter eats (last); I was not there - I’ll go; Knock, don’t knock, they won’t open; Don't cry - you can't bring back what's lost; If I die, I won’t tell.

3. A dash is placed if the second part of a non-union complex sentence contains a consequence, result, conclusion from what is said in the first part (the words therefore, then, etc. can be inserted between the parts): I'm dying - I have no reason to lie(T.); You will spread the wet

bush - you will be showered with the accumulated warm smell of the night (T.); There was no way to leave unnoticed - he came out openly, as if he was going into the yard, and slipped into the garden (F.); I would become a pilot - let them teach me (M.); Taking out both matches and a lighter from his pocket at the same time, Krainev lit the cords - they burst into flames (Pop.); Our home is ours to take care of; They put the samovar in the senets - the smell of smoke spreads around; Everyone has rested during the night - you can start the interrupted work again; The key is lost - break the door.

Notes: 1. If the meaning of the consequence is not emphasized intonationally, then a comma is placed instead of a dash: ...I'll interrogate him carefully, he won't even notice(Ch.); A man is not a needle, we will find him(Ch.).

2. In the works of classical writers, instead of a dash in the case under consideration, a colon is found: There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and went to the palace(P.); We were driving behind: no one saw(L.); Light rain falls in the morning: it’s impossible to go out(T.); Worries, sorrows, failures exhausted the poor priest to the extreme: he became distrustful, bilious(Adv.).

4. A dash is placed if the first part of a non-union complex sentence indicates the time of the action mentioned in the second part (at the beginning of the first part you can add a conjunction when): If we win, we’ll build a stone house(A.T.); I was driving here

The rye began to turn yellow. Now I’m leaving back - people eat this rye (Prishv.); The elder walked ahead, gave a command with a careful movement of his hand: raise his hand above his head - everyone immediately stopped and froze; stretches his arm to the side with an inclination towards the ground - everyone at the same second quickly and silently lay down; waves his hand forward - everyone moved forward; will show back - everyone slowly backed away (Cat.); They plow the arable land - they don’t wave their hands (last).

5. A dash is placed if the first part of a non-union complex sentence indicates the condition for performing an action, which is mentioned in the second part (at the beginning of the first part you can add a conjunction if): There will be rain - there will be fungi; there will be fungi - there will be a body(P.); When a young man passes, he becomes poised; when a girl passes, she becomes sad; and when the guslars pass, they sing a song.(L.) - the values ​​of the condition and time are combined; Tell Pavel or Tatyana (T.) what you need; Invented- done (T.); If you disappear completely, we won’t cry for you(Ch.); ...

If a sin happens, don’t ask for mercy (Ch.); If you believe it by eye, you will measure it crookedly (M.G.); If they don’t give it back, steal it! (M.G.);

The less you know, the better you sleep (M.G.); They will swear - don’t be afraid (Ch.); If you like to draw, draw for your health, no one forbids you

(Pan.); Ordered - you'll take it(A.T.). Wed. in proverbs: Gruzdev called himself get in the body; If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled; If you let the fire go, you won’t be able to put it out; I picked up the tug - don’t say it’s not strong; If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest; If you feel sorry for the strap, you’ll give away the strap; Plow deeper- more bread to be seen; To be afraid of death is not to live in the world and etc.

Note. If the second part of a non-union complex sentence of this type begins with a particle like this, then after the first part with the meaning of the condition, a comma is placed instead of a dash: Give everyone vodka, and soon you yourself will have to starve(P.); Look, you'll lose patience!(Kr.); Everything is to the heart take it, you'll soon end up in consumption(Sharp).

6. A dash is placed if the second part of a non-union complex sentence contains a comparison with what is said in the first part (before the second part you can add a conjunction like

or as if): ...He’ll look and give him a ruble (N.).

7. A dash is placed if the second part of a non-union complex sentence (often an incomplete sentence) has an explanatory meaning (the conjunction that can be inserted before it), and the first part does not contain an intonation warning about the subsequent presentation of any fact (cf. § 44, item 3): The sheep says - she slept all night(Kr.); Sometimes I think I need to run away(M.G.); ... He hears - behind the elderberry bushes a girl wants to(M.G.); The silence was so complete and gloomy, and the sky was so stuffy that it seemed to the boy that if just one sharp sound were heard, something would happen in nature. something scary (Cat.); Yesterday at the neighboring winter hut they told me that honey killed a man(Arb.); I hear him moaning again(Paust.); The movement is suspended, hopefully not for long; Somebody scratching, it seemed to me - a mouse; But I see that she doesn’t listen to me; They write to tell us to come - they will meet us; They knew there would be a storm; Leave me alone, can't you see - I'm busy.

8. A dash is placed before pronominal words so, so, so, so beginning as a connecting clause that is part of a non-union complex sentence: An order is an order - so interpret it

tal front (Vor.); To go forward or die - that was the question facing the partisan detachment; Crooked streets, small wooden houses - this was what a significant part of Moscow was like at the beginning of the 20th century.

These sentences express judgments, the subject of which is named in the first part, and the predicate forms the second part. If the logical relations between both parts are of a different nature, then a comma and a dash are placed between them: Environmental pollution threatens life on Earth - this cannot continue

(gas) (see § 46, paragraph 2).

9. A dash is placed if the second part of a non-union complex sentence is a connecting clause (you can insert the word this in front of it, which is sometimes present in the sentence itself): Not a single image on the wall is a bad sign(L.); You have no soul, you have pride instead of a soul - that’s what I’ll tell you(Already); Inga was excited, Levshin was watching her too closely - this caught Klebe’s eyes(Fed.); Big water is coming

This is the most interesting thing (Hump.); He always loved to chat - I knew that very well (Kav.); They will part, they have already parted - this thought stunned both (Gran.) 1.

Note. Often, if there is a comma before the connecting clause with the word this, a comma is placed between both parts of the non-conjunctive complex sentence and

dash (see § 46, paragraph 1).

A comma and a dash can also be placed before a connecting clause containing an additional remark: The village of Pervomaisky was the oldest mining village in the area,- from him, in fact, the city began(F.).

§ 46. Comma and dash in a non-union complex sentence

The current rules provide for the use comma and dash as a single punctuation mark in three cases: 1) before the main part of a complex sentence, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate clauses, to emphasize the disintegration of a single

"See: Ivanchikova E.L. On the development of the syntax of the Russian language in the Soviet era // Development of the syntax of the modern Russian language. M., 1966 (some examples are borrowed from there).

the whole into two parts; 2) before a word that is repeated in order to connect with it a further part of the same sentence; 3) in the period to indicate the transition from increase to decrease1.

However, in practice, the use of a comma and a dash as a single punctuation mark is not limited to these cases (some

connecting clause beginning with a pronominal word this: The Russian intelligentsia grew and developed in absolutely brutal conditions,- this is undeniable (M.G.); Edgar Allan Poe is considered an excellent master of form, an original artist, this is indisputable(M.G.); A cultured person is created slowly, with great difficulty, - about it The whole difficult story convincingly tells us...

culture (M.G.); If writing is disgusting and boring for you, don’t write - it will still turn out bad, false (A.T.); At such a time we need to speak rudely and directly - this is smarter and more honest in front of our children (Leon.); The wide entrance was completely empty - it seemed strange to me (Kav.); Not only do they not want him to leave, but, on the contrary, they would be very upset at being separated from him - this is quite obvious; Some people believe that in order to become a good singer, it is enough to have natural abilities - this is a fatal mistake; He was talking about some secret - this was a bad omen for me.

The same before the word here: A woman will throw herself into the pool headlong from love - that’s the actress (Ostr.).

2. A comma and a dash are placed between two parts of a non-union complex sentence, of which the second is of a connecting nature with various additional shades of meaning (explanatory, temporary, conditional, etc.); often this part begins with pronominal words that, so, that, etc. 3: But let me we will go to the field with you - you would soon ask me for a drink(TV); Sitanov treats me friendly, - this I owe it to my thick notebook in which the poems are written(M.G.); The bottom board is coated

"See: Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. M., 1956. P. 102 - 103. 2 See: Shapiro A.B. Fundamentals of Russian punctuation. P. 343 - 351.

3 See: Grishko F.T. Observations on the use of the complex sign “comma - dash” // Rus. language at school. 1971. No. 6 (some examples were borrowed from there).

it was filled with cow dung and watered three times in the cold - after that it was made like a mirror (A.T.); She was sitting nearby on a bench under a rickety wooden mushroom - the kind they make in camps for sentries (Paust.); This means that it was not Rodion - he would have responded to her from any abyss (Leon.); All the objects around were distinct and exaggeratedly real - this is what happens when you don’t sleep all night (Sh.).

3. A comma and a dash are placed to indicate a “break” in the original construction, to indicate, “on the one hand, the dismemberment of the sentence, and on the other, that the part of it that follows this punctuation mark makes a structural turn from the previous one parts at a certain, greater or lesser, “angle”: The room was filled with the noise of chairs being pushed back, a match light flashed in the corner, illuminating a hand with long fingers, a frightened chicken clucked some kind young lady, - Samghin was pleased with the confusion caused by his words(M.G.); Marya sat down on the grass, put Mishka’s head on her lap - his head was hanging, he was so thin(A.T.); At least I know that Volodya Osmukhin and Tolya Orlov remain in Krasnodon - will they sit idly by?(F.); This solidly furnished long room, lined with oak panels, so calm, welcoming, a room where he spent more than half of his working life - why did he forget about it?; Happens to him all the time anything extraordinary: either he gets into a street accident, or almost drowns in a shallow river, or almost dies of a heart attack - which is not important; There was nothing I could do to help him

Why did you come?; It seemed to me that I already understood everything, I know

Nothing like this!; Be that as it may, he could not resist the temptation,

Which of us is without sin?

Wed. also non-union complex sentences in which a colon can be placed between parts: This feeling was accompanied by sad envy,- (:) how nice it would be to have Kutuzov’s rough audacity, to say to people’s faces what you think about them(M.G.); He groaned, but much easier than the first time, and soon nature took its toll,- (:) the next day he went for a walk as if nothing had happened and began going to the theaters(Tyn.); Take my advice, the advice of an old friend,- (:) do not go there.

1 Shapiro A.B. Basics of Russian punctuation. P. 347 (some examples are borrowed from there).

Punctuation marks in period

In a period (as a rule, a polynomial complex sentence, intonationally divided into two parts - rising and falling), a comma and a dash are usually placed between the parts and a comma or semicolon inside the parts (members) of the period. The following cases are possible:

1. The period in which there are between increases and decreases

comma and dash, and between its members - semicolon:

No matter how hard it was for Princess Marya to leave this world of solitary contemplation in which she had lived until now, no matter how pitiful and as if she was ashamed to leave Natasha alone, the worries of life required her participation, and she involuntarily surrendered to them (L.T. );

Steppes that have no end, where everything spreads out into a wide and endless plain, where people meet as if to enlarge the surrounding space even more; steppes rustling with grass almost as tall as the trees; steppes, where herds and herds graze, which no one has counted for centuries and the owners do not know the real number - these steppes saw among themselves Genghis Khan, who made a vow in front of crowds of narrow-eyed, flat-faced, broad-shouldered, short Mongols to conquer the world (G.).

2. The period in which there are between increases and decreases

comma and dash, and between its members - commas:

No matter how hard people tried, having gathered several hundred thousand in one small place, to disfigure the land on which they huddled, no matter how hard they stoned the ground so that nothing would grow on it, no matter how they cleared away any growing grass, no matter how much they smoked coal and oil. no matter how they trimmed the trees and drove out all the animals and birds, spring was spring even in the city (L.T.).

3. A period in which there are commas between both the increase and decrease, and between its terms:

I was so cheerful and proud all that day, I so vividly retained on my face the feeling of Zinaida’s kisses, I remembered her every word with such a shudder of delight, I so cherished my unexpected happiness that I even became scared, I didn’t even want to see her, the culprit of these new sensations (T.);

No matter how much my father wanted to fulfill his promise to his mother, whom he dearly loved, no matter how much he wanted to go to Bagrovo, to his home, to his farm, to his village way of life, to his village activities and pleasures, the thought of disobeying Praskovya Ivanovna did not enter in his head (Ax.).

As the last two examples show, a comma is placed at the junction of raising and lowering in the case when the lowering begins with a conjunction (subordinating or coordinating).

Before the second part of a complex conjunction, if...then can be placed

comma and dash: If the old foliage rustled under your feet, if different twigs turned red, if the willows turned around<...>, - that means there is movement in the birches, and there is nothing to spoil the birch (Prishv.).

Punctuation marks for direct speech

1. Direct speech stands out in quotes if it goes into a string (in a selection): Vladimir Sergeevich... looked at his man with bewilderment and said in a hasty whisper:"Go find out who it is"

If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed before the beginning:

Nikita, bowing to the ground, said:

Sorry, father (M.G.).

In a non-union complex sentence, a dash between parts is usually placed in cases where the main part of the statement (sometimes corresponding to the main part of a complex sentence) is contained in the second part of the complex sentence, and the first part (corresponding to the subordinate part) has a subordinate meaning, indicating time or condition performing the action discussed in the second part, sometimes a reason, a concession, etc. [For the conditions of placing a colon in a non-union complex sentence, see § 44,]

Wed: It’s impossible to go out: it’s pouring rain outside- the main content is contained in the first part, the reason is indicated in the second; It's pouring rain outside - it's impossible to go out- the reason is indicated in the first part, the consequence, the conclusion is given in the second, which forms the basis of the statement;

The youth left: the evening became boring- ‘left because it became boring’; The youth left - the evening became boring- ‘I left, so it became boring’.

If the semantic relations between the parts of the sentence are equal, they have the meaning of comparison, opposition, etc.

1. In a non-union complex sentence that splits into two parts, a dash is placed before the second part if it contains an unexpected addition, indicating a rapid change of events: A week passed, then another - suddenly a stroller entered my yard.(P.); The cheese fell out - there was a trick with it(Kr.); Ivan Ivanovich approached the gate, rattled the latch - a dog barked from inside(G.); Just give him a knife and let him go on the highway - he’ll kill you, for a penny he’ll kill you(G.); You pass by a tree - it doesn’t move, it luxuriates(T.); Suddenly men with axes appeared - the forest rang, groaned, crackled(N.); Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired(Ch.); A ray of sun will fall on the grass - the grass will flash with emerald and pearls(M.G.); The wind blew - everything trembled, came to life and laughed(M.G.); Metelitsa was already very close to the fire - suddenly the neighing of a horse was heard in the darkness(F.); Walk down a dead street at noon and you won’t see a person.(SH); Before the sun had time to warm the earth, the whole sky began to hum(Bub.) [cf. with a conjunction sentence: Before I had time to pay my old coachman, Dunya returned with a samovar(P.)].

2. A dash is placed before the second part of a non-union complex sentence if it expresses opposition in relation to the content of the first part (between the parts you can insert a conjunction but or a) : I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening(Gr.); The rank followed him - he suddenly left the service(Gr.); He sits down to sew but doesn’t know how to pick up a needle; They scold her - she remains silent(P.); A week passed, a month passed - he did not return to his home(P.); I grab the belt - there is no gun(L.); I began to call the owner - they were silent; I knock - they are silent(L.); Until ten o'clock we darted through the reeds and through the forest - there was no animal(L.); The oak holds on - the reed has fallen to the ground(Kr.); He ran his eyes painfully across the ceiling, wanted to leave his place, to run - his legs did not obey(Gonch.); At that time, you already meet in France a class of people who, with a general loss, gain: the nobility is deprived of their rights - they aggravate theirs; people are dying of hunger - they are full; the people arm themselves and go to defeat their enemies - they profitably supply cloth and provisions(Hertz.); I’ve been serving for sixteen years - this has never happened to me(L. T.); They mowed a mile - they mowed a penny(M.G.); The Falcon flies high, but huddles close to the ground(M.G.); Pika took up the sewing - the threads got tangled and torn; sat down to play checkers - lost(F.); In Andersen's fairy tales, not only flowers, winds, and trees gain the power of speech - the home world of things and toys also comes to life in them(Paust.); It wasn’t Mishka’s bag that was stolen, it was his last hope that was stolen.(Nev.); This was not a tired, sick soldier walking from the front - it was a construction worker.(Hump.); He is the guest - I am the host(Bagr.); The battle was not started by our will - we will finish it with our glory(Ac.); It was not the wounds, nor the diseased lung that tormented him - it was the consciousness of uselessness that irritated him.(Paul.); I am for a candle - a candle in the stove(Chuk.); The brave win - the coward perish(Seq.); Summer stores - winter eats(Seq.); If I wasn’t there, I’ll go; Knock, don’t knock, they won’t open; Don’t cry, don’t cry, you can’t bring back what’s lost; If I die, I won’t tell.

3. A dash is placed before the second part of a non-union complex sentence if it contains a consequence, result or conclusion from what is said in the first part (the words therefore, then, etc. can be inserted between the parts): I'm dying - I have no reason to lie(T.); You will part the wet bush and you will be showered with the accumulated warm smell of the night(T.); There was no way to leave unnoticed - he came out openly, as if he was going into the yard, and slipped into the garden(F.); I If I wanted to become a pilot, let them teach me(M.); Taking out both matches and a lighter from his pocket, Krainev lit the cords - they burst into flames(Pap.); Our home is ours to take care of; They put the samovar in Sentsy - the smell of smoke spreads around; Everyone has rested during the night - you can get back to the interrupted work; The key is lost - break the door.

Notes: 1. If the meaning of the consequence is not emphasized intonationally, then instead of a dash between the parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence, a comma is placed: ...I I'll interrogate him carefully, he won't even notice(Ch.); A man is not a needle, we will find him(Ch.).

2. In the works of classical writers, instead of a dash in the case under consideration, there is a colon: There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and went to the palace(P.); We were driving behind: no one saw(L.); Light rain falls in the morning: it’s impossible to go out(T.); Worries, sorrows, failures exhausted the poor priest to the extreme: he became distrustful, bilious(Adv.).

4. A dash is placed before the second part of a non-union complex sentence if the first part indicates the time of the action referred to in the second part (a conjunction can be added at the beginning of the first part When ) : If we win, we’ll build a stone house(A.T.); I was driving here and the rye was starting to turn yellow. Now I’m leaving back - people eat this rye(Priv.); The elder walked ahead, gave a command with a careful movement of his hand: raise his hand above his head - everyone immediately stopped and froze; stretches his arm to the side with an inclination towards the ground - everyone at that same second quickly and silently lay down; waves his hand forward - everyone moved forward; will show back - everyone slowly backed away(Cat.); They plow the arable land - they don’t wave their hands(Last.).

5. A dash is placed before the second part of a non-union complex sentence if the first part indicates the condition for performing the action mentioned in the second part (a conjunction can be added at the beginning of the first part If ): If it rains, there will be fungi; there will be fungi - there will be a body(P.); When a young man passes, he becomes poised; when a girl passes, she becomes sad; and when the guslars pass, they sing a song.(L.) - the values ​​of the condition and time are combined; Tell Pavel or Tatyana what you need(T.); Invented - done(T.); If you disappear completely, we won’t cry for you(Ch.); ...If a sin happens, don’t ask for mercy(Ch.); If you believe it by eye, you will measure it crookedly(M.G.); If they don't give it away, steal it!(M.G.); …The less you know the better you sleep(M.G.); They will swear - don’t be afraid(Ch.); If you like to draw, draw for your health, no one forbids you(Pan.); Ordered - take it(A.T.). Wed. in proverbs: Gruzdev called himself get in the body; If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled; If you let the fire go, you won’t be able to put it out; I picked up the tug - don’t say it’s not strong; If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest; If you feel sorry for the strap, you’ll give away the strap; Plow deeper - you will see more bread; To be afraid of death is not to live in the world and etc.

Note. If the second part of a non-union complex sentence of this type begins with a particle like this, then after the first part with the meaning of the condition, a comma is placed instead of a dash: Give everyone some vodka, So I'll have to starve soon(P.); Look like that You'll get impatient!(Kr.); Take everything to heart, So you'll soon fall into consumption(Sharp).

6. A dash is placed before the second part of a unionless complex sentence if it contains a comparison with what is said in the first part (you can add a conjunction before the second part as if or as if) : ...If he looks, he’ll give me a ruble(N.).

7. A dash is placed before the second part of a non-union complex sentence if it (often an incomplete sentence) has an explanatory meaning (a conjunction can be inserted before it that), and the first part does not contain an intonation warning about the subsequent presentation of any fact: The sheep says she slept all night(Kr.); Sometimes I think I need to run away(M.G.); ...He hears a girl laughing behind the elderberry bushes(M.G.); The silence was so complete and gloomy, and the sky was so stuffy that it seemed to the boy that if there was just one sharp sound, something terrible would happen in nature.(Cat.); Yesterday at the neighboring winter hut they were told that a bear killed a man(Arb.); I hear him moaning again(Paust.); The movement has been suspended, hopefully not for long; Someone was scratching, I thought it was a mouse; But I see that she doesn’t listen to me; They write to tell us to come - they will meet us; They knew there would be a storm; Leave me alone, can't you see - I'm busy.[Wed. § 44, paragraph 3. ]

8. A dash is placed before pronominal words so, so, so, so beginning as a connecting clause that is part of a non-union complex sentence:An order is an order- So he was raised by the front(Thief.); Crooked streets, small wooden houses - such was a significant part of Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century. Move forward or die- that's how it is the partisan detachment had a choice;

These sentences express judgments, the subject of which is named in the first part, and the predicate forms the second part. If the logical relations between both parts are of a different nature, then a comma and a dash are placed between them: Environmental pollution threatens life on Earth - this cannot continue(Gas.). [Cm. § 46, paragraph 2.]

9. If the second part of a non-union complex sentence is connecting sentence, a dash is placed in front of it (it is possible to insert the word this, which is sometimes present in the sentence itself):Not a single image on the wall is a bad sign(L.); You have no soul, you have pride instead of a soul - that’s what I’ll tell you(Already); Inga was excited, Levshin was watching her too closely - this caught Klebe’s eyes(Fed.); Big water is coming - this is the most interesting thing(Hump.); He always loved to chat - I knew that very well(Kav.); They will part, they have already parted - this thought stunned both(Gran.) .

Note. Often, if there is a comma and a dash before the connecting clause, a comma and a dash are placed between the parts of a non-union complex sentence: The Russian intelligentsia grew and developed in absolutely brutal conditions - this is undeniable (M. G.). [Cm. § 46, paragraph 1.]

A comma and a dash can also be placed before a connecting clause containing an additional remark: The village of Pervomaisky was the oldest mining village in this area - from here, in fact, the city began(F.).

See: Ivanchikova E. A: On the development of the syntax of the Russian language in the Soviet era // Development of the syntax of the modern Russian language. M., 1966 (some examples were borrowed from there).

A dash in a non-union complex sentence, split into two parts, is placed:

1) if the second part contains unexpected accession, an indication of a rapid change of events(you can insert a conjunction between both parts And ), For example: Ivan Ivanovich approached the gate and rattled the latch– A dog barked from inside(Gogol); Suddenly the closet door quickly swung open– all the servants immediately rolled head over heels down the stairs(Turgenev); Ignat pulled the trigger– the gun misfired(Chekhov); A ray of sunshine falls on the grass– (Bitter); Metelitsa was already very close to the fire– suddenly a horse neigh was heard in the darkness(Fadeev); Another shot– the coachman dropped the reins and quietly slid under the wheels(Shukshin);

2) if the second part expresses opposition in relation to the content of the first part (between the parts you can insert a conjunction But or A ), For example: A week has passed, a month has passed– he did not return to his home(Pushkin); Until ten o'clock we wandered through the reeds and through the forest– no beast(Lermontov); He ran his eyes painfully over the ceiling, wanted to leave the place, to run– my legs didn't obey me(Goncharov); At that time you already meet in France a class of people who, with a general loss, gain: the nobility is deprived of its rights– they aggravate theirs; people are dying of hunger– they are full, the people arm themselves and go to smash their enemies– they profitably supply cloth, provisions(Herzen); The summer heat was scorching outside– the house was cool and the peaceful smell of mothballs mixed with the coolness(Bunin); In Andersen's fairy tales, not only flowers, winds, trees gain the gift of speech.– the home world of things and toys comes to life in them(Paustovsky); It wasn't Mishka's bag that was stolen– the last hope was stolen(Neverov); The brave win– the cowardly perish (proverb);

3) if the second part contains consequence, conclusion from what is said in the first part (between parts you can insert words therefore, then ), For example: I'm dying– I have no reason to lie(Turgenev); There was no way to escape unnoticed– he came out openly, as if he was going into the yard, and slipped into the garden(Fadeev); Taking out both matches and a lighter from his pocket, Krainev lit the cords– they burst into flames(Popov).

Note. In the works of classical writers, and occasionally in modern fiction, instead of a dash in the case under consideration, a colon is found, for example: There was nothing to do: Marya Ivanovna got into the carriage and went to the palace...(Pushkin); We were driving behind: no one saw(Lermontov); Light rain falls in the morning: it's impossible to get out(Turgenev); Volodin's horse was limping: dad ordered to saddle a hunting horse for him(L. Tolstoy); Worries, sorrows, failures exhausted the poor priest to the extreme: he became distrustful, bilious...(Dostoevsky).

4) if the first part indicates time performing the action mentioned in the second part (at the beginning of the first part you can add the conjunction When ), For example: I was driving here– the rye began to turn yellow. Now I'm leaving back– people eat this rye(Prishvin); The weathered face is burning, and you close your eyes– the whole earth will float under your feet(Bunin); The elder walked ahead, gave the command with a careful movement of his hand: raise his hand above his head– everyone immediately stopped and froze; extends his arm to the side with an inclination towards the ground– everyone quickly and silently lay down at that same second; waves his hand forward– everyone was moving forward; will show back– everyone slowly backed away(Kataev); Handsome guy. Shave his beard now, put on a suit– teacher(Shukshin); The arable land is being plowed– don't wave their arms(proverb);

5) if the first part means conditions e committing the action mentioned in the second part (at the beginning of the first part you can add the conjunction if, when in meaning "If", For example: It will rain– there will be fungi; there will be fungi– there will be a body(Pushkin); What will be needed– tell Pavel or Tatyana(Turgenev); Get lost completely– we won't cry for you(Chekhov); A ray of sunshine falls on the grass– the grass will flash with emerald and pearls(Bitter); They will swear– don't be afraid(Gladkov); I like to draw – draw for your health, no one forbids you (V. Panova). Wed. proverbs: Called himself a milk mushroom– get into the back; Do you like to ride– love to carry sleighs; You'll miss the fire– you can’t put it out; Picked up the tug– don’t say it’s not hefty; Fear of wolves– do not go to the forest; The forest is being cut down– chips are flying; You'll regret the stripe– give me the strap; To be afraid of death– can't live in the world and etc.;

6) if the second part contains comparison with what is said in the first part (you can add conjunctions before the second part as if, as if ), For example: Says a word– the nightingale sings(Lermontov);

7) if the second part (often an incomplete sentence) has an explanatory meaning (a conjunction can be inserted before it What ), and the first part does not contain an intonation warning about the subsequent presentation of any fact, for example: Someone is scratching, it seemed to me– mouse; You call the apartment, grandma will ask– who, name your name;

8) if the second part is connecting sentence and you can insert a word before it This, which can be in the sentence itself, for example: Not a single image on the wall– bad sign(Lermontov); Inga was excited, Levshin was watching her too closely– This caught Klebe's eye(Fedin); There's a lot of water coming– This most interesting(Gorbatov).

The second part may begin with pronominal words so, so, so, so For example: An order is an order–So he was raised by the front(Vorobiev); Crooked streets, small wooden houses–such was Moscow at the beginning of the century.

Note. To distinguish between cases of placing a colon and a dash in non-union complex sentences, one can proceed from the following general position: if the main part of the statement (corresponding to the main clause in complex sentences) is contained in the first part, and the second (corresponding to the subordinate clause in complex sentences) contains an explanation, disclosure content of the first part, a statement of a fact, an indication of the reason, then a colon is placed between the parts; if, on the contrary, the main part of the statement is contained in the second part, and the first has a subordinate meaning (indicates time, condition, etc.), then a dash is placed between the parts. Wed: It's impossible to leave: It's pouring rain outside(the main statement is contained in the first part, the reason is indicated in the second). – It's pouring rain outside– it's impossible to get out(the reason is indicated in the first part, in the second the effect, the conclusion, which forms the basis of the statement). Wed. also while maintaining the same order of parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence: The youth are gone: the evening got boring(left because I got bored). The youth are gone– the evening got boring(I left, so it became boring).

TASKS FOR INDEPENDENT WORK

1. Explain why the colon is included in the BSP.

A) In the pale light of dawn there was a small birch tree standing in a tub, and I suddenly noticed: almost all of it had turned yellow that night(K. Paustovsky).

b) I looked at my watch: it showed the beginning of eight(Fad.)

V) It’s a disaster to start sailing now: my boat is not strong, the oars are breaking(V. Zhukovsky).

G) The old man made an exception to his lifestyle in honor of his son’s arrival: he ordered him to be allowed into his half while dressing before dinner(A. Tolstoy).

d) There's only one thing I don't understand: how could she bite you?? (Chekhov)

e) Like all Moscow people, your father is like this: he would like a son-in-law with stars and ranks(Gr.).

2. Explain the placement of a dash in the BSP

A) Suddenly the closet door quickly swung open - all the servants immediately rolled head over heels down the stairs(Turgenev); Ignat pulled the trigger - the gun misfired(Chekhov).

b) A week passed, a month passed - he did not return to his home(Pushkin); Until ten o'clock we darted through the reeds and through the forest - there was no animal(Lermontov)

V) Snow fell and traffic jams began in the city center. I'm dying - why should I lie?. There was no way to leave unnoticed - he came out openly, as if he was going into the yard, and slipped into the garden.

G) I was driving here and the rye was starting to turn yellow. Now I’m leaving back - people eat this rye(Prishvin); If we win, we’ll build a stone house(A. N. Tolstoy)

d) If it rains, there will be fungi. They will swear - don’t be afraid. If you like to draw, draw for your health, no one forbids you(Panova)

e) She was in a stunning dress - the kind I had only seen in photos in glossy magazines.

and) If he looks, he will give you a ruble(Necr.)

h) I bought a wig for my dog ​​- the thief was taken to intensive care with a heart attack.

3. Parse

A minute later there was another squeal and laughter: I had to drive under a huge overhanging rock (Chekhov).