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What is the difference between Miss, Mrs, Mr. Polite treatment

Every year the rhythm of life is getting faster. People in big cities live in a crazy mode, in the morning they rush to work, from work to home, to Kindergarten for a child or to the gym. Hurry everywhere and everywhere, because so many things are planned. The desire to do everything quickly turned into our speech.

Abbreviations in Russian speech

To speed up writing or save memory on the media, they began to use more and more abbreviations when writing, which also passed into oral speech. From the words at least two letters, but will be deleted:

“Push on the gas / brake” - press on the gas / brake pedal.
"Magaz" - shop.
Tele - TV.
"Photo" is a photograph.
"Infa" - information.
"Laptop" or "beech" - notebook (laptop - portable Personal Computer).
"X / s" - "hell knows."

Abbreviations are also used when writing:

Spsb - thank you
"Pzhlst" - please
"Prv" - hello and many others.

There are abbreviations officially accepted and enshrined in academic reference books:

"Those." - that is
"Etc." - etc
"Etc." - the like
"Km" - kilometer
"V / h" - a military unit and many others.

Imagine how difficult it is for a foreigner not only to learn these words, but also to figure out what they mean!

AT English language there are also enough abbreviations and abbreviations, and it is difficult for the uninitiated to understand the secrets of the language to understand the rules for using symbols.

Abbreviated words in English

In Western countries, it is customary to address people, emphasizing their social status, age, gender and level of education.

The most common abbreviations Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms are used before the first or last name. In Russian, social status is not emphasized.

The difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms, Dr, Mr lies in determining the social status of a woman (married or unmarried), belonging to the male sex and having an academic degree.

It can be understood that Mr means "Mr" (mɪstər) or "Mr" when referring to a male person of any age, whether married or not, and without a degree. Used with a surname: Mr Holmes is a detective - Mr. Holmes is a detective.

Dr is an address to a man or woman who has a scientific degree or medical practice (in Russian Federation is a candidate or doctor of science). For example: Dr Watson is Sherlock Holmes' friend - Dr. Watson is a friend of Sherlock Holmes.

All abbreviations Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms in British English are written without a dot, in American English with a dot. For example: Mr.

Appeal to a woman

But the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms is almost the same as it was customary in pre-revolutionary Russia: when referring to unmarried girls - "young lady", and "madame" - to married ladies. It is difficult to understand if you have not studied the language, but nothing is impossible.

What is the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms? Everything is elementary! The Miss address is taken in relation to unmarried girls, when you are sure that she does not have a marital relationship, and it does not matter how old the girl is - 1 year or 90 years old. Pronounced "miss" (mɪs), the indication is before the surname: Good afternoon, Miss Wood! - Good afternoon, Miss Wood!

Again, Miss refers to the saleswoman, maid and teacher, even if she is married. This is due to the fact that previously only unmarried women could teach.

At first glance, the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms is small, but it is.

For a married woman using her husband's surname, the address Mrs (Mɪsɪz - "misiz") is accepted from the word Mistress - Mrs. or madam, mistress, mistress, woman with her family: Mrs Johns is a housewife. Mrs Jones is a housewife.

Mrs can also be used for divorced women or widows who give their first and maiden name after Missis.

The meaning of the difference between Miss, Mrs, Ms can only be understood by reading British newspapers or where more and more often a woman is addressed as Ms (mɪz, məz) - "mis" from the word Mistress does not depend on her husband. This is simply an indication of belonging to the female sex. If you don't know if a girl is married and don't want to offend her, feel free to call her Ms! There is no need to guess whether she changed her last name or not - the woman herself will correct the form of address, if she sees fit. This is a correct neutral address in English-speaking countries, a common greeting in business, an appeal to a woman emphasizing her equal rights with men.

Official address

Introduced in the 1950s, the word Ms was introduced in the 1970s to refer to feminists.

Miss, Mrs, Ms - the difference when referring to the female gender, adopted in Western countries, where status is given great importance. This abbreviation is also placed before the last name or estate: Ms Jane Clark has got a nice car! - Jane Clark has a nice car!

In newspapers and magazines, this is a common address policy. Even Judith Martin, recognized as Miss Impeccable Manners, recommends this form of greeting women in her books on etiquette.

Between Miss, Mrs, Ms, the difference exists only in an official setting, during a business meeting and communication of unfamiliar people. When talking with friends and relatives, just names and surnames are used without a word indicating a social status or just affectionate words.

The English language has long had its own speech etiquette. As you probably already know, there is no difference between the pronouns “you” and “you”, therefore, when referring to an interlocutor, it is important to choose not only intonation, but also the correct form; use appropriate words and constructions correctly.

In a conversation, it is necessary to take into account the style of communication - for example, the official language requires the exact observance of all greeting and address formulas, and the neutral style of communication (for example, with strangers, work colleagues, neighbors, etc.) can be simpler in expressions.

With friends and relatives, you can also allow a familiar style of communication, in which the forms of addressing the interlocutor will be completely different. Let's look at each style in more detail. Shall we?

How to contact an interlocutor

Let's start with the safest option - ask how the recipient prefers to be addressed.

What should I call you?- What should I call you?
What should I call your sister / mother / the manager?- What should I call your sister / mother / manager?
Can I call you?- May I call you [name]?
Is it okay if I call you?- Is it okay if I call you [friendly name]?
What's your name?- What is your name?

If you heard one of these questions addressed to you, then you can answer as follows:

Please call me. Please call me [name].
You can call me.- You can call me [nickname or short name].

To grab the recipient's attention, use expressions:

Excuse me Sir/Madam.- Excuse me, sir/madam.
"Pardon me, Sir/Madame."- I'm sorry, sir/madam.

We figured out the general points, now let's look at other forms of address.

To a woman

madam A polite way of addressing a woman to a man. Women usually do not address each other in this way, unless, of course, you are a maid or a servant and wish to address the mistress of the house. In that case, this appeal would be appropriate.
Mrs(an abbreviation for the word "Missus") - a form of polite address to a woman. After the word "Mrs" it is required to give the name of the woman's husband. It should be remembered that the words "Mr" and "Mrs" are not used without surnames in colloquial English, as this will sound vulgar.
Miss- a form of address to an unmarried woman, a girl. Be sure to include your first or last name after the word. "Miss" - without a name, surname - a form of address to the teacher, and it has also become a common form of address to the attendants.

To the man

Sir- this form of address does not require the name or surname of the interlocutor after himself. So they turn to strangers, to men equal or older in age, social status or position.
Mr(an abbreviation of the word Mister) - after this word, you need to give the name or surname of the interlocutor.
Son! Sonny! Boy!- a form of addressing older people to unfamiliar young people.
Young man, youth- this is how older people address young men.

To a group of people

When verbally addressed to several addressees, the most suitable form appeals will be Ladies and gentlemen n!" - "Ladies and Gentlemen!". In a less formal atmosphere, you can hear such an expression as " Dear friends!" - "Dear friends!" or " Dear colleagues!" - "Dear Colleagues!", " Esteemed colleagues!" - "Dear colleagues!"

If you suddenly had the honor of meeting someone from the royal family or a high-ranking person, then you definitely need to know the correct form of address.

Your Majesty- a form of address to the king or queen.
Your Highness to a prince or duke.
Your Lordship— to a Lord or a Justice of the Supreme Court.
Your Honor to a lower court judge.
general/colonel/captain etc. - to a military rank: with or without a surname.
Officer, constable, inspector- to the policeman.
Professor- with or without a surname, in the UK they refer to a person who has the title of professor. But in the United States, the address "Professor" is appropriate for any university teacher.

Speaking of informal communication, let's look at how you can contact friends and family members.

To friends

Of course, everyone knows the appeal “My dear friend!” - "My dear friend!" or "My friend" - "My friend!", But not everyone knows that there are many synonyms for the word "friend". For example:

In British English :

Chap: "Dear old chap, I've missed you!" - "Old man, I missed you!"
Mate(also Australia, New Zealand): "Hey, mate, do you want to hit the pub?" - “Buddy, do you want to visit the pub?”
Pal(also popular in the US): "My most useful acting tip came from my pal John Wayne. Talk low, talk slow, and don't say too much." (c) Michael Caine - "The most useful advice acting class was given to me by my friend John Wayne. speak low voice, speak slowly and speak little. (c) Michael Caine."
Crony: "I"m going to the pub with me cronies." - "I went to the pub with my buddies."
Mucker(Ireland): "What about ye, mucker? Are you in or out?" - "Well, buddy? Are you in business?"

In American English:

homie: "Time to go, homie." "It's time to leave, buddy."
home slice: "You're coming with us tonight, home slice? - Sure thing! - "Are you coming with us tonight, homie? - The stump is clear!
Amigo: "Hey, amigo, long time no see!" - "Hey, amigo, how many years, how many winters!"
Buddy: "I"m going to have some beers with my buddy tonight." - "My friend and I are going to have a couple of foam tonight."
bestie: "You and I - we are the besties for life!" - "You and I - we are with you best friends for life!”
Dawg: "Waddup, dawg? "Nothing, jus' chillin." "What's up, friend? - Nothing, I'm resting.
Fella: "Good to see you fella!" - "Glad to see you, boy!" Most often used in the meaning of "guy, person (male)": "Who are these fellas?" - Who are these guys?
Dude: "Dude, where's my car?" - "Where's my car, dude?"
Girlfriend: "Hey girl!" - "Hi, slut!" This is how old close friends often turn to each other.

To family members and loved one

Affectionate appeals to close people are also very diverse. In most cases, they are used regardless of gender. Here is some of them:

sweetheart- beloved, beloved.
Dear/dearest- expensive, expensive / most expensive, dear.
Darling- Dear beloved; dear, beloved.
Honey(abbreviated " hon"") - dove; dove / cute; Darling.
muffin- cupcake / bun / pie / favorite / dear.
sugar(also sugarplum, sugar pie, sugar cake etc.) - sweet.
Love- beloved / beloved / my love.
Buttercup- buttercup.
Sunshine- Sun.
Baby (babe, bae) - baby, baby.

To the guy

handsome- handsome.
sweetie-pie- dear, dear, lovely, sweet, sun.
Tiger- tiger (a person in whom it is easy to kindle passion).
hot stuff- sex bomb, hot stuff.
Cuddle Cat- sweetheart. (cuddles - hugs in a prone position)
Prince Charming- a prince on a white horse, a handsome prince.
Mr. Perfect (Mr. Amazing etc.) - Mr. Perfect.
honey bear(teddy bear) is a teddy bear.
Captain- captain, commander.
lady killer- Don Juan, womanizer, heartthrob.
Marshmallow- marshmallow.
Superman- superman.

To the girl

sweetie- expensive.
baby doll (baby girl) - baby, doll.
Gorgeous- beauty, beauty.
Honey bun- a bun.
biscuit- a cookie.
cherry- cherry.
cup cake- beauty, honey.
kitten- Kitty.
Precious- dear, lovely.
Peanut- baby, baby.
Pumpkin- my good, charm, cutie.
sugar plum (sweet cheeks) - my sweet (the second phrase is said to emphasize the beauty of the girl's figure, or rather her fifth point).
Dumpling- shorty (to an attractive girl of short stature and a seductive figure).

Rules for punctuation when addressing

In English, just like in Russian, appeals are separated by commas. This is taught in schools in both countries. But, in fact, all the British without exception ignore the comma in circulation if the name is at the end of the phrase. And they honestly observe it if the phrase begins with an appeal. For example:

Alice, I think you've had enough!

I think you "ve had enough Alice!

Conclusion

Now you have in your arsenal a whole set for referring to English-speaking comrades. Incidentally, the word comrade” (comrade) you will only find in communist / socialist parties, as well as in Soviet textbooks in English. In other cases, "Comrade Ivanov" is not used. Be well-mannered and friendly in communication, and the right forms of address will serve you well. Absorb English and be polite!

Big and friendly family EnglishDom

Dmitry Sokolov

"“English learning is a vast realm of discovery. As a teacher, I may know the shortcut, but it’s the students who have to make their own way to the destination. I just make sure I provide them with the right road signs”"

work experience

I started my teaching career at the Orsha State Gymnasium No. 1, where I began to learn the basics of teaching. He combined his work at the school with teaching at the foreign language courses "Castello Studi" and tutoring in Orsha. I have always liked working with older students more because the results of my work were more obvious to me.
After working 2 years of distribution at school, I entered the MSLU master's program, and then taught for another 3 years at the Department of Education foreign languages at MSLU. During this time, I have gained valuable experience in teaching various groups of students, including corporate, foreign and VIP groups, and got acquainted with advanced methods of teaching foreign languages.
Having received the second higher education majoring in finance at the IBMT BSU, got a job as an analyst at the Research Institute of Economics of the Ministry of Economics, where I still work. However, teaching for me has become not just a job or a craft, but an art that I am not going to give up under any circumstances. Now, as a specialist in a narrower field, I can effectively teach business English, English in foreign trade, accounting, banking, auditing, etc.

Hobbies and interests

I prefer active leisure: tourism, practical shooting, chess, car races, cycling

Personal qualities

Active, meticulous, restless, I always strive to learn new things, a good organizer.

Girls are different ... And appeals to them too. Let's take a look at the features English address to women of different social status, because the rules of good manners oblige us to know this.

In Western culture, when introducing a woman (in oral and written speech), it is customary to indicate not only her first and last name, but also her “status”. This status is usually denoted by a special word, which often acts as an appeal. There are no analogues of such treatment in Russian culture. Appeal to a woman with the designation of her status was typical for holders of a noble title. In general, this division of statuses is not typical for Russian culture, so the English "Miss" and "Mrs" cannot be unequivocally compared with similar appeals to women in Russian culture.

The Miz[UK spelling], Ms. [ˈmɪz], , [ˈməz], [ˈməs]) - "Madam ...". This treatment is neutral in English-speaking countries. Ms is placed before the surname of both a married and unmarried woman, if her marital status is unknown or the woman deliberately emphasizes her equality with a man. This appeal appeared in the 1950s and came into use since the 1970s at the initiative of representatives of the feminist movement.

As The American Heritage Book of English Usage states, “Ms. eliminates the need to guess is the addressee Mrs. or Miss: using Ms., it is impossible to make a mistake. Whether the female addressee is married or not, whether she has changed her last name or not, the use of Ms. always correct." In its style guide, The Times states: “Today, Ms is completely acceptable if a woman wants to be called that, or if it is not known exactly, Mrs. she or Miss. The Guardian, which uses "women's titles" exclusively in editorials, advises in its style guide to "use Ms for women...unless they have expressed a desire to use Miss or Mrs."

Appeal Ms. is the standard term for a woman, unless another preferred term is given to her. For the standard use of Ms. etiquette authors also perform, including Judith Martin (also known as "Miss Manners").

Appeal to an unmarried girl

Miss (Miss)- an English-language address to an unmarried woman. Is an abbreviation for mistress(an obsolete form of addressing a woman). It can be used before a surname or as a direct address. An analogue in Russian can be the word "girl" or the pre-revolutionary "lady" or "mademoiselle".

The address "miss" is also used in relation to the teacher, regardless of her marital status. This rule is associated with a period when only unmarried women could engage in teaching activities.

Appeal to a married woman

Mrs (Mrs)- Appeal to a married woman. Addressing a woman using her husband's name is rare nowadays, although it is possible to address a couple jointly, such as Mr. and Mrs. John Smith. It is generally considered polite to address women as Miss (Ms.) rather than Mrs., especially if the woman's preference for addressing her is not known, especially when communicating in writing.

Punctuation after abbreviation

A period is put on the letter after the abbreviations:

Dear Miss Jones! Dear Miss Jones!
Dear Mrs. Wilson! Dear Mrs Wilson!
Dear Ms. Smith! Dear Miss Smith!

If the appeal is written in full, then the point is not put:

Miss Dana Simms - Miss Dana Simms.

Let's summarize:

Ms- a polite form of addressing a woman in letters without a direct indication of marital status.
Miss- Appeal to an unmarried woman.
Mrs- Appeal to a married woman.

Business letter in English
Adapted texts in English
Rhyming words in English

In English, married women and girls are usually addressed differently. This culture was fixed in the 17th century, and is still preserved, despite the position of modern society on the principle of gender equality.

Appeal in English miss or mrs

The norms of etiquette, which have taken root in English-speaking countries, prescribe to distinguish in speech and in writing appeals to women of different social status. When a woman introduces herself in society, she says not only her first and last name. The rules of good manners oblige her or the person who represents her to put before the name an address that characterizes the marital status.

The status of a woman in Western society is usually denoted by a special word. In Russian culture, there are no analogues to such treatment, or they are extremely weakly expressed. Addressing women with the designation of her status was characteristic of her title of nobility, if she possessed it.

In general, this division of statuses is not typical for Russian culture, so the English “Miss” and “Mrs.” cannot be unambiguously compared with addresses in Russian speech.

In the English-speaking society, there are norms for the use of such addresses:

Miss- an appeal to a girl, most often used in relation to young people under the age of 18. In addition, with the prefix Miss, you can refer to a teacher, saleswoman, maid. Also, this appeal is considered the most appropriate if the status of a woman is unknown.
Mrs.- the traditional form of addressing a married lady. At the same time, after the appeal, you can call both the woman’s own name and the name of her husband. Divorced and widowed women use their maiden name and surname after missis.

Pronunciation

Miss in transcription looks like this:

The obsolete word Mistress, which is rarely used in oral communication, is pronounced like. More often this word has the meaning of "mistress", "mistress" or "mistress".

For example:

Mistress of the situation - Mistress of the situation.
Costume mistress - Main dresser.
The dog ran alongside his mistress - The dog ran next to the mistress.

A derivative of Mistress, which eventually turned into an independent word missis, is pronounced as follows:. Missis literally means "wife".

Usage

In spoken English, miss and mistress are used in specific situations:

Miss is an address to an unmarried person or to a school teacher, regardless of her marital status, for example:

He was finished at Miss A.'s - She was educated at Miss A.'s boarding house.
Which Miss Smith do you mean? – Which Miss Smith do you mean?

mistress or missis- a form of polite address to a married or divorced lady, as well as to a widow.

Examples of verbal appeals

On the letter, full addresses are not used, they are replaced by abbreviations:

Miss- if it is known for sure that the lady is not married;
Mrs- if there is confidence that the woman was married or married at the moment;
Ms- a polite form of address in letters, which indicates a person's belonging to the female sex, but does not give a direct indication of marital status.