Presentation "urbanization as a global process". The problem of urbanization Urbanization (lat.

The main factors that distinguish an urban settlement from a rural one are the size of its population, which is predominantly employed outside agriculture. In addition, the city has a different character of residential development compared to rural areas and a higher population density.

"A city is a unity of dissimilarities"

Aristotle

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Italy Spain Portugal Belarus England Georgia Russia Australia Germany Greece Albania Macedonia China Israel Mongolia India Nepal Japan Name the countries where the Christian religion is spread

Orthodoxy

Catholicism

Protestantism

Islam

Shintoism

The main factors that distinguish an urban settlement from a rural one are the size of its population, which is predominantly employed outside agriculture. In addition, the city has a different character of residential development compared to rural areas and a higher population density. “A city is a unity of dissimilarities” Aristotle There are no uniform criteria for identifying cities in the world. In the USA, cities include settlements that have reached 2.5 thousand inhabitants, in the Netherlands - 20 thousand, in Iceland - 200 people. In some countries, cities include all administrative centers, regardless of the size of the population living in them. In Russia, a city is considered a settlement with at least 12 thousand people. In general, cities can be classified as follows: cities Megacities (supercities formed by the merger of agglomerations) From 500 thousand to 1 million people From 100 to 500 thousand people From 1 to 10 million people agglomerations (large cities surrounded by satellite cities)

CITY 1 million in population Entertainment center Administrative and scientific centers Financial center Transport center Industrial center Mining center Resort center CITY FUNCTIONS OF THE CITY is a populated area, the majority of whose residents are employed in industry and the service sector small medium large large largest millionaires FUNCTIONS OF THE CITY OF ISTRA REYKJAVIK NOVGOROD TIRANA DUBLIN MOSCOW

Ancient Indian city - Machu Picchu Capital of Australia - Canberra Resort city - Anapa City of entertainment - Las Vegas

City - state - San Marino City - port - Arkhangelsk Industrial center - Norilsk (the largest center of the copper-nickel industry) Adelaide - port and administrative center

The functions of the city may change due to changes in the geopolitical position, its role and significance in the country’s economy. The “functional” history of the city can be studied by getting acquainted with its original and modern coats of arms. Coat of arms of the city of Zvenigorod Initially, the city was built as a fortress, which is reflected in its ancient coat of arms. Now it is one of the historical centers of Russia, part of the Moscow region. As a result, the symbol of Moscow appeared in the upper left corner of the coat of arms.

TYPES OF CITIES Cities are characterized by regional differences. It is customary to distinguish types of cities: Western European, Arab, African, Latin American, North American. They developed under the influence of various factors: historical, economic, geographical, religious, etc.

Western European city Western European city: roots go back to the times of the Roman Empire. In the center there is a market square, a town hall, a cathedral. The narrow streets of the old city radiate away from the center.

Arab city Arab city: divided into new and old parts. The core of the old part is usually a fortification (citadel). It is surrounded in a tight ring by the quarters of the old city. The main decoration is the colorful bazaars

African city African city: developed under the influence of European colonization, the religion it introduced - Christianity, and also later - Islam. European-style buildings are combined with oriental bazaars, mosques and poor neighborhoods

Latin American city Latin American city: created as a colonial city according to a single plan that Spain and Portugal developed for their possessions. The central part is similar to the center of a European city. On the outskirts, belts of poverty have formed, in which 30-50% of the city's population live.

North American city North American city: distinguished by specific features, primarily its youth. It is characterized by a clear rectangular layout with a Business Center (downtown); in other parts of the city there are low-rise individual buildings.

2 50 80 81 Land area Population GDP Air emissions 90 80 70 60 50 40 30% 0 Conclusion: City indicators Diagram: “The role of cities in the modern world”

The problems of cities in the 21st century have become global in nature, and they are dealt with by representatives of various scientific disciplines - economists, sociologists, ecologists. Geographers are primarily interested in the spatial aspects of urbanization - patterns of the location of cities and the functioning of urban space, settlement systems, as well as environmental problems of cities.

II. Urbanization is the process of growth of cities and urban populations, the spread of the urban lifestyle, and the increasing economic role of the city. Diagram: “Dynamics of the global urbanization process.” Conclusion: in the 20th century there is an “urban boom” - a sharp jump in the urban population.

URBANIZATION CITY GROWTH GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION FORMATION OF COMPLEX URBAN SYSTEMS

Urbanization is accompanied by an increased role of cities in the life of society, the spread of an urban lifestyle and the formation of settlement systems

FEATURES OF MODERN URBANIZATION Rapid growth rates of the urban population Concentration of industry and population in large cities “Sprawling” of cities, expansion of their territory As a result of the “sprawling” of cities, urban agglomerations appear Currently, there are about 20 agglomerations THE LARGEST URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS IN THE WORLD (million people) Mexico City (28) Tokyo (27) Sao Paulo (26) Shanghai (23) Bombay (20) Beijing (19) Jakarta (18) Seoul (16) Kolkata (15) New York (17)

Moscow agglomeration AGGLOMERATION is a group of nearby cities united by connections: cultural, social, labor, industrial New York City agglomeration (16.6 million people) Mexico City agglomeration (17.9 million people)

MEGA COLISES OF THE WORLD A megalopolis is an urbanized zone formed by fused agglomerations. There are six megalopolises in the world: Europe – 2: English, Rhine; USA – 3: San-San, Chipits, Boswash; Japan – 2: Tokaido English and Rhine megalopolises USA megalopolises

FALSE URBANIZATION - rapid growth in the urban population, not accompanied by an increase in the number of jobs => the emergence of undeveloped slums R URBANIZATION - the spread of urban forms of life in rural settlements, due to the migration of urban residents to them C UBURBANIZATION - the process of growth and development of the suburban area large cities, while the pace of development of satellite cities is higher than the rate of development of the agglomeration core

Depending on the size of the urban population (urbanization level), countries are classified as highly urbanized (urbanization level > 50%), moderately urbanized (from 20 to 50%), and lightly urbanized (

Countries with a high level of urbanization (the share of the urban population is over 50%) Moderately urbanized countries (the share of the urban population is from 20% to 50%) Slightly urbanized countries (the share of the urban population is below 20%) Depending on the size of the urban population (level of urbanization) countries vary

Countries with a high level of urbanization (share of urban population over 50%) UK – 89 ARGENTINA – 88 AUSTRALIA – 85 SWEDEN - 83 VENEZUELA – 93 BELGIUM -95 Countries with medium urbanization (share of urban population from 20% to 50%) MALAYSIA SENEGAL CONGO INDONESIA VIETNAM INDIA Slightly urbanized countries (the share of the urban population is below 20%) ETHIOPIA - 13 NEPAL - 14 MALAWI - 13 NIGER - 17 UGANDA - 12 RWANDA - 8 BURUNDI - 8 KUWAIT - 97 Depending on the number of urban population (urbanization level), countries differ

According to the level of urbanization, all countries are divided into three groups. Share of the urban population in different countries (in %) HIGHLY URBANIZED > 51% MODERATELY URBANIZED 20 - 50% LOW URBANIZED

Urbanization level more than 50% from 20 to 50% less than 20%

In addition to the urban form of settlement, there are two more: FORMS OF SETTLEMENT URBAN NOMAD RURAL GROUP (VILLAGE) DISPERSED (FARM, HUTOR) Despite the rapid growth of cities, about 1/2 of the world's population still lives in rural areas, and the total number of rural settlements is 20 million The group form of settlement prevails in Russia, foreign Europe, China, and Japan. Farms are most common in the USA, Canada, and Australia. In areas of nomadic cattle breeding, there are no permanent settlements at all; this is typical for Mongolia, as well as for the indigenous peoples of the north of Russia, Canada, and the USA.

New York Moscow Singapore Mexico City Jakarta Bombay Paris Tokyo Bonn Sao Paulo Baku Los Angeles Minsk Kolkata Seoul Rome Shanghai Vancouver Beijing Oslo Name the largest agglomerations in the world with a population of more than 14 million people

THE ANSWER IS CORRECT!

Formulate a conclusion on the topic of the lesson Topic 3 §4 (in the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky) Complete the assignment for the lesson. Put on the contour map: The largest cities in the world Megalopolises Highly urbanized, medium-urbanized, low-urbanized countries (5 examples each) HOMEWORK

Diagram: “The role of cities in the modern world” Conclusion:

2 50 80 81 Land area Population GDP Air emissions 90 80 70 60 50 40 30% Diagram: “The role of cities in the modern world” 0 Conclusion: City indicators

Slide 1

Slide description:

Slide 2

Slide description:

Slide 3

Slide description:

Slide 4

Slide description:

Slide 5

Slide description:

Slide 6

Slide description:

Slide 7

Slide description:

2). The concentration of population and economy is mainly in large cities, because cities have many functions, especially in the non-productive sphere, they better satisfy people's needs, have a developed infrastructure and provide access to information repositories. 2). The concentration of population and economy is mainly in large cities, because cities have many functions, especially in the non-productive sphere, they better satisfy people's needs, have a developed infrastructure and provide access to information repositories. Half the world's population lives in cities. More than 30 cities in the world have a population of more than 5 million people. 3) "Sprawling" of cities, expansion of their territory. This happens when belts of satellite cities appear around large cities (capitals, industrial and port centers). Such formations are called urban agglomerations. Their uncontrolled growth greatly worries scientists working on this problem.

The growth of cities, an increase in the share of the urban population, the spread of an urban lifestyle. urban growth, increasing proportion of urban population, spread of urban lifestyle. Urbanization year – 47.5% of the planet’s population are city dwellers

Rapid urban population growth. Urban population growth in % Leaders in urban population. China million people India million people USA million people Brazil million people

Population concentration in large cities. “Big cities are spiritual workshops where the best works of the Universe are created.” Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier's cities of millionaires. New York. Manhattan.

Urban sprawl. The transition from a “spot” city to an urban agglomeration – a territorial concentration of the urban population around a large city. The largest agglomerations in the world. 1 Tokyo – 27.9 million people. 2 Bombay – 18.1 million people. 3 Sao Paulo -17.8 million people 4 Shanghai – 17.2 million people. 5 New York – 16.6 million people. 6 Mexico City – 16.4 million people. 7 Beijing – 14.2 million people. 8 Jakarta – 14.1 million people. 9 Los Angeles – 13.1 million people. 10 Kolkata - 12.7 million people.

This is interesting The smallest city in the world - The smallest city in the world - HUM in Croatia. It was founded in 1102 and has 25 inhabitants. HUM in Croatia. It was founded in 1102 and has 25 inhabitants. One of the oldest cities in the world One of the oldest cities in the world JERICHO in Jordan. It was already ancient when the Egyptian pyramids were young.

And like a nightmare, a merciless vision, a merciless vision, a monster measuredly huge, measuredly huge, with a glass skull covering the globe, covering the globe, the future City-home appeared before me. appeared before me. I owe my life /machine of machines/ /machine of machines/ to wheels, blocks, rocker arms, I foresaw you, the last son of the Earth! Earth's last son! V.Bryusov V.Bryusov

Lesson Objectives

• Find out what determined the distribution of the world's population?
• Which countries and regions are home to the largest population concentrations?
• How do cities and villages compare in size?
• How does the urbanization process occur?

The fields are ending their lives

Under the terrible chariot,

Which the spirit of the century took up arms against them,

And the tentacles stretch capital after capital,

To suck out the remaining strength from them.

E. Verharn

• The Earth is unevenly populated, with approximately 70% of the world's population living on 7% of the land area.
• More than half of all the Earth's inhabitants are concentrated in a 200-kilometer coastal strip.

Big cities are spiritual workshops where the best works of the Universe are created

Le Corbusier

• Population settlement- process

population distribution by

certain territory

Forms of settlement

rural

urban

... in the deltas of the Nile, Tigris and Euphrates, in ancient Judea, India, China. Karnak (Egypt)

Rural settlement

• Africa and Asia
• Forms: farms, villages, towns, hamlets, etc.

Now there are tens of thousands of cities on Earth!

The growth of cities, the increase in their role in society and the spread of urban lifestyle is called

urbanization ( urbs - city .latin )

Urbanization is an important indicator of the level of socio-economic development

This is interesting!

• There is no single concept of “city”:

Netherlands– population of 2 thousand people;

In Iceland, Denmark, Finland, Sweden– a populated area with a population of more than 200 people.

In Canada, Australia– over 1 thousand people

In Switzerland, Malaysia– over 10 thousand people.

In South Korea– over 40 thousand people;

In Russia a city is a populated area that has at least 12 thousand residents , at the same time, 75% of city residents should be engaged in non-agricultural activities.

Features of urbanization

• The highest level of urbanization is typical for developed countries (there are more cities than villages)

Largest cities in the world, 2010

City

Number of people, people

Shanghai

16 348 947

Mumbai

Karachi

13 830 884

13 205 339

Buenos Aires

13 080 026

New Delhi

Istanbul

12 565 901

12 175 592

Manila

11 248 470

Dhaka

Moscow

10 861 172

10 509 592

Sao Paulo

Lagos

10 381 400

Seoul

9 968 455

9 567 665

Kinshasa

8 900 721

Tokyo

8 762 073

Mexico City

8 560 994

• Large cluster of cities agglomeration.
• 1970- there are 3 agglomerations in the world:

Tokyo, New York, Mexico City

Now there are more than 20 largest agglomerations in the world (p. 61 Fig. 27)

Agglomeration – This is a compact territorial grouping of urban and rural settlements, united into a complex local system by diverse connections - labor, production, communal services, cultural and everyday life, as well as the joint use of various resources of a given area.

Largest agglomerations in the world

Moscow

New York - Philadelphia

Seoul

Tokyo

New Delhi

Osaka - Kobe - Kyoto

Shanghai

Manila

Kolkata

Mumbai

Manila

Jakarta

Sao Paulo

Largest agglomerations in the world

Agglomeration

Tokyo

Number of people, people

2010

37 730 064

Mexico City

NY

23 610 441

23 313 036

Seoul

Mumbai

22 692 652

Sao Paulo

21 900 967

Manila

20 831 058

20 654 307

Jakarta

19 231 919

New Delhi

Shanghai

18 916 890

18 572 816

18 013 728

Osaka – Kobe – Kyoto

Cairo

17 409 585

16 429 199

Kolkata

15 644 040

Moscow

14 926 656

Megalopolises of the world

Rhineland

English

Pektian

Chipits

Boswash

San San

Shanan

Tokaido

Vizagmahanagar 2

Nilsky

Xiangguan

Vizagmahanagar 1

Lagib

Jaban

San Rio

La Plata

Megalopolis – This is a group form of settlement,

formed by the accretion of closely located large urban agglomerations.

Megalopolis

Square,

thousand km2

Tokaido (Japan)

North-East "Boswash"

Population,

million people

Chicago-Pittsburgh "Chipitts" (USA)

Southern California "Sansan" (USA)

English(UK)

Rhine (Netherlands - Germany)

The fastest rates of urban population growth are observed in developing countries (the population is driven to cities by landlessness, lack of work in villages)

Features of urbanization

Features of urbanization (rate)

In developing countries, the level of urbanization is low, but the rate is high - countries of Foreign Asia, Africa, Australia and Oceania

Whole world, regions

The whole world

Rates of growth, %

Foreign Europe

Foreign Asia

Africa

North America

Latin America

Australia and Oceania

General features of the urbanization process

• Rapid urban population growth
• Concentration of population and economy in large cities
• “Sprawling” of cities, expansion of their territory

Functions of cities

• Industrial centers
• Cities - ports
• Administrative centers and capital cities
• Scientific centers
• Cities - resorts
• Tourist centers

Levels of urbanization

• According to the level of urbanization, all countries of the world are divided into:
• Highly urbanized (p. 77 fig. 18)
• Mid-urbanized
• Slightly urbanized

• Environmental pollution
• air pollution,
• high noise level,
• electromagnetic radiation,
• concentration of enterprises in a limited area,
• high population density,
• migration processes, etc., are a consequence of urbanization as a form of settlement.

Air pollution

Pollution of the water eco-system

Noise amplification

• In economically developed countries, efforts are being made to regulate the urbanization process.

As a way to solve the problem, super-tall buildings are being built and designed

Knowledge control

• 1.Name the largest megalopolises in the world. In which countries are they located?
• 2. The share of the urban population on the planet is:

A) 1-5%, b) 5-15%, c) 40-55%, d) 75-85%

3. Urbanization is...

• 4. Indicate the areas with the highest and lowest population density:

A) Australia, b) Central America,

C) Europe, central Asia, d) the Atlantic coast of South America, e) northeast of Eurasia

5. Indicate what problems arise during urban growth

Urban and rural population. Urbanization as a worldwide process

Lesson Plan :

1. City. Functions of the city.

2. Urbanization. Characteristic features of modern urbanization.

3. Levels and rates of urbanization.

4. Forms of rural settlements.

"A city is a unity of dissimilarities" Aristotle
• There are no uniform criteria for identifying cities in the world. In the USA, cities include settlements that have reached 2.5 thousand inhabitants, in the Netherlands - 20 thousand, in Iceland - 200 people. In some countries, cities include all administrative centers, regardless of the size of the population living in them. In Russia, a city is considered a settlement with at least 12 thousand people.
• In general, cities can be classified as follows:

1 million Istra Reykjavik Novgorod Tirana Dublin Moscow FUNCTIONS OF THE CITY: scientific center, administrative center entertainment center financial transport industrial mining resort center center center center " width="640"

I . City. Functions of the city.

- this is a populated area, most of the inhabitants

which is employed in industry and services.

by population:

CITY

small average big large largest millionaires

thousand . 50 - 100 thousand 100 - 250 thousand . 250 - 500 thousand . 500 - 1 million . 1 million

Istra Reykjavik Novgorod Tirana Dublin Moscow

FUNCTIONS OF THE CITY:

administrative

entertainment center

financial transport industrial mining resort

center center center center center

Ancient Indian city - Machu Picchu

Resort town - Anapa

Capital of Australia - Canberra

City of entertainment - Las Vegas

City - State - San Marino

City - port - Arkhangelsk

Adelaide - port and administrative center

Industrial center - Norilsk (the largest center of the copper-nickel industry)

The functions of a city may change due to changes in the geopolitical position, its role and importance in the country’s economy. The "functional" history of the city can be studied by becoming familiar with its original and modern coats of arms.

Coat of arms of the city of Zvenigorod

Initially, the city was built as a fortress, which was reflected in its ancient coat of arms. Now it is one of the historical centers of Russia, part of the Moscow region. As a result, the symbol of Moscow appeared in the upper left corner of the coat of arms.

TYPES OF CITY

Cities are characterized by regional differences. It is customary to highlight Western European, Arabic, African, Latin American and North American city types . They developed under the influence of various factors: historical, economic, geographical, religious, etc.

Western European city

Western European city: roots go back to the times of the Roman Empire. In the center there is a market square, a town hall, a cathedral. The narrow streets of the old city radiate away from the center.

Arab city

• Arab city: divided into new and old parts. The core of the old part is usually a fortification (citadel). It is surrounded in a tight ring by the quarters of the old city. The main decoration is the colorful bazaars.

African city

African city: developed under the influence of European colonization, the religion it brought - Christianity, and also later - Islam. European-style buildings are combined with oriental bazaars, mosques and poor neighborhoods

Latin American city

• Latin American city: created as a colonial city according to a single plan that Spain and Portugal developed for their possessions. The central part is similar to the center of a European city. On the outskirts, belts of poverty have formed, in which 30-50% of the city's population live.

North American city

• North American city: distinguished by specific features, primarily its youth. It is characterized by a clear rectangular layout with a Business Center (downtown); in other parts of the city there are low-rise individual buildings.

Diagram: “The role of cities in the modern world.”

Conclusion:

II . Urbanization - the process of growth of cities and urban population, the spread of urban lifestyle, increasing the economic role of the city.

Diagram: “Dynamics of the global urbanization process.”

Conclusion: in the 20th century there is an “urban boom” - a sharp jump in population

urban population.

Features of modern urbanization

1. Rapid growth of urban population. What do you think in what

Are urban growth rates higher in EDC or RS countries?

2. Concentration of industry and population in large cities.

3. Sprawling of cities, expansion of their territory, growth up and down.

As a result of urban sprawl, urban agglomerations .

Gor. agglomeration -

territorial grouping of urban and

rural settlements.

Currently there are about 20 agglomerations.

LARGEST URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS IN THE WORLD (million people):

1. Mexico City (28) 5. Bombay (20) 9. Seoul (16)

2. Tokyo (27) 6. Beijing (19) 10. Kolkata (15)

3. Sao Paulo (26) 7. Jakarta (18)

4. Shanghai (23) 8. New York (17)

Agglomeration- is a group of nearby cities, united by connections: labor, cultural, social, industrial

Moscow agglomeration

Mexico City. City - agglomeration

(17.9 million people)

NY. City - agglomeration

(16.6 million people)

English and Rhine megalopolises

Megalopolises of the world

Megalopolis is an urbanized zone formed by fused agglomerations.

There are six megalopolises in the world:

USA - 3 (San-San, Chipits, Boswash), Japan (Tokaido), Europe (English, Rhineland)

US megacities

emergence of undeveloped slums. R URBANIZATION - the spread of urban forms of life in rural settlements, due to the migration of urban residents to them. UURBANIZATION is the process of growth and development of the suburban zone of large cities, while the pace of development of satellite cities is higher than the rate of development of the agglomeration core. "width="640"

L OZHNAYA URBANIZATION - rapid growth in numbers

ty of the urban population, not accompanied by an increase in the number

jobs = emergence of squalid slums.

R URBANIZATION - spread of urban life forms in

rural settlements, due to the migration of urban residents to them

lei.

WITH UBURBANIZATION - process of growth and development of suburban

zones of large cities, while the pace of development cities -

satellites higher than the rate of development agglomer cores -

tions .

50%), medium urbanized (from 20 to 50%) and slightly urbanized (" width="640"

Depending on the size of the urban population (urbanization level), countries are classified as highly urbanized (50% urbanization level), moderately urbanized (from 20 to 50%), and lightly urbanized (
51% WEAKLY URBANIZED map "width="640"

Proportion of urban population in different countries (%)

According to the level of urbanization, all countries are divided into three groups

MEDIUM URBANIZED

20 - 50%

HIGHLY URBANIZED

WEAKLY URBANIZED

map

Urbanization level

more than 50%

from 20 to 50%

less than 20%

In addition to the urban form of settlement, there are two more:

FORMS OF SETTLEMENT

RURAL

CITY

NOMADIC

Despite the rapid growth of cities, about 1/2 of the world's population still lives in rural areas, and the total number of rural settlements is 20 million.

The group form of settlement prevails in Russia, foreign Europe, China, and Japan. Farms are most common in the USA, Canada, and Australia.

In areas of nomadic cattle breeding, there are no permanent settlements at all; this is typical for Mongolia, as well as for the indigenous peoples of the north of Russia, Canada, and the USA.

GROUP

(VILLAGE)

DISTRIBUTED

(FARM, HUTOR)

Formulate a conclusion on the topic

lesson.

Topic 3 §4 (in the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky).

Complete the assignment for the lesson.

On contact draw a map:

1. Largest cities in the world

2. Megalopolises

3. Highly urbanized, medium urbanized, low urbanized countries

(5 examples each)\