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Characteristic features of wars of the 21st century. The nature of modern wars and armed conflicts briefly

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The dominant trend in military thought at the beginning of the 21st century. becomes an understanding of the changing nature, content and essence itself. This theoretical orientation is inherent not only in academic discussions, it is reflected in the practice of training and using the leading armies of the world. Traditional ideas about war as an armed conflict in which organized military forces are used and which is subject to certain rules from the beginning to the end of hostility are losing their relevance due to the transformation of the forms of use of military force and the growing variety of armed clashes. Fundamental changes in the paradigm of warfare objectively force us to look for new ways to ensure the integrated survivability of a soldier of the 21st century.

NEW APPROACHES TO THE MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF THE CHARACTER AND ESSENCE OF WAR

Changes in the sphere of ensuring military security were updated in the 1990s. attention to the problem of modern war as a continuation of politics by violent means. Let us emphasize here an extremely important idea: war determines our lives not only when it “flares up”, but also when it “sleeps”: in preparation for its conduct or in activities to prevent it. Today, much attention is paid to the study of war, both foreign (R. Smith, F.G. Hoffman, D. Kilcullen, J. Der-Derian, E. Simpson, M. Kaldor) and domestic (A.I. Podberezkin, A. A. Bartosh), scientists. However, a unified understanding of the essence and content of modern war has not been developed in the world community, and it does not exist in Russia either. In almost all Russian studies, war is considered as a means of politics, a process, a state of society. For supporters of the classical approach, the defining feature of war remains military violence, based on the use of weapons with the aim of suppressing the enemy, subjugating him to one’s will. Opponents to this approach insist that the use of armed violence is not always the defining feature of a military conflict between states. At the beginning of the 21st century. A number of fundamentally new approaches to the modern nature and essence of war are revealed.

These innovations are evidenced by the following characteristics: - war today is not expressed in obvious confrontation, and opponents do not directly fight each other and do not interact (the concept of non-contact war], clear spatial parameters of armed struggle have been lost; - achievement of political and other goals of the state in the international arena can be achieved only with the integrated, synergistic use of all components of national power. The armed forces are only one of the elements of the system of ensuring military security; - the main participants in the war (government - army - people) in modern conditions, as a rule, are separated from each other and have various rights and responsibilities; - the state is losing its monopoly on violence. This right to use violence has been voluntarily assumed by some non-state organizations and groups. In many theaters of war, the belligerents are civilians who have taken up arms, and private armies are increasingly used . The consequence of this is a reduction in the threshold of political significance of conflicts from the level of the state to the level of organizations, groups and even individuals. This illegitimate expansion of the subjects of military violence leads to a new type of war; - the nature of the conflict is not determined by the nature of its participants: the state today can use the tactics of irregular armed struggle, and terrorist groups often use advanced military technologies and even weapons of mass destruction; - conflicts considered local, in today's conditions, absorb no less resources, and, therefore, are no less decisive in military planning than short-term wars; - the boundaries between the classical categories of war are blurring.

This process culminates in the erosion of the very concepts of war and peace. The boundaries between the exception (which is war) and the norm (which in the normal case is peace) disappear: one can be at war without being at war explicitly. The changing characteristics of the forms and methods of warfare are often presented as a fundamental change in the nature of war. Today, Clausewitz's ideas on the nature of war are often dismissed as outdated and irrelevant. Thus, Alain de Benoit concludes that Clausewitz’s formula about war as a continuation of politics by other means is turned on its head. He believes that war becomes "the destruction of politics by other means."

This radical assessment of the changed nature of war does not seem convincing. Indeed, the nature of modern war is often conceptualized in the context of the approach of Clausewitz, who characterized war as a “true chameleon.” Explaining this metaphor, he identified three elements of war (“war is a strange trinity”): violence as its initial element, the creativity of strategists and the rationality of decision-makers. The forms of each of these elements change under the influence of social changes, transformation of political relations, and technological progress. According to Clausewitz, the interdependence of initial violence, strategic ingenuity and political rationality is the factor causing the most profound and significant changes in the forms that war takes. Let us add here to Clausewitz’s “trinity” that the most obvious is still the technological aspect of the evolution of forms and methods of warfare. Only in the 20th century. means and methods of warfare switched to a new format at least five times, modifying the nature of armed struggle and imposing increasingly complex demands on the quality of human material.

At the same time, the war itself turned out to be connected not with the private socio-historical characteristics of societies; it had a substantial character. The war today has not changed the core of its internal content: it was, is and will be a struggle for the change and redistribution of social roles in the course of the development of society. We admit, however, that K. Clausewitz narrowed the essence of war by not including the non-military forms of struggle used in it. So, the nature of modern wars is determined by military-political goals, means of achieving these goals, and the scale of military operations.

It is significantly influenced by the military, military-economic and moral-psychological potentials of the state, as well as social, environmental and physical-geographical conditions. The essence and content of war today is changing due to, firstly, a more complete use of global political, social, economic, cultural, ethnic and religious factors; secondly, the use of fundamentally new and more diverse types of weapons; thirdly, due to a more complete inclusion of the environment and the natural environment.

Modern warfare is undergoing qualitative transformations in the forms and methods of its conduct, and its goals are also changing. If previously wars were fought to seize territorial, human, energy, raw materials and other resources of other countries and peoples, today the goal of war is the complete annihilation of the enemy’s political power, national idea, and statehood. Since the real task of war (as an “extended” duel) is still to subjugate the enemy to the enemy’s will, this can be done “by destroying a sufficient number of brains, or the right brains, in which case the “will” will certainly die along with the body.”

NEW TYPE OF WARS

Modern war is characterized by a qualitative expansion of the possible space of conflict. Today, the war is waged at a much higher quality level, affecting, in addition to the armed forces and diplomatic channels, the information, socio-cultural, ideological, technological spheres, as well as science, psychology and the inner world of man - the area of the spirit and soul. The role of the direct use of military force is gradually degenerating into a service role, focused primarily on supporting large-scale “non-force” operations. The complexity, dynamism, arrhythmia, intricacy and multi-actor nature of modern warfare make it possible to announce the emergence of a new type of war. The concept of “new wars” put forward by the British researcher M. Kaldor states that globalization is becoming the basis for the contradictory nature of emerging conflicts. The core of these conflicts are goals related not so much to territorial disputes or ideological differences, but rather to political and symbolic claims, and problems of identity.

Hence, the main thing becomes not the mastery of the territory, but political control over it and its population. In these conflicts, the circle of people involved is expanding - these include paramilitary groups, gangs, police forces, and mercenaries. The most common concepts characterizing modern wars are the concepts of asymmetry and irregularity. Asymmetry of action means that one of the parties to the conflict “circumvents or undermines the advantages of the other by exploiting institutional weaknesses through methods that differ significantly from those expected.

The main goal is to deliver a decisive psychological blow that suppresses the will, ability to initiative, or freedom of action of the enemy. . Asymmetric warfare is characterized by unconventional military tactics, including information warfare, proxy wars, the use of unofficial participants, provocateurs, “fifth columns,” etc. If the strategy of the strong is aimed at destroying or limiting the actions of the weak, then the weak seeks to prolong the confrontation, inflict damage on the enemy in the sphere of morality or public opinion, demoralize him, and make the continuation of the conflict unbearable. The term “irregular war” refers to “armed struggle between state and non-state actors for legitimization and influence over the relevant population.”

The specificity of such a war is the use of both indirect and asymmetric approaches, and the use of the full range of military and other resources in order to undermine the power, influence and capabilities of the enemy. Since 2010, the term “hybrid warfare” has been frequently used in public discourse. From the many approaches to describing its essence: M. van Creveld, talking about the participants in this war, “united by fanaticism and ideology,” F. Hoffman, analyzing various modes of warfare, including standard weapons, irregular tactics and formations, terrorist acts and criminal disorder , the means used are not limited by ethical, moral, legal or religious norms, constructivist theoretical analysis, we can conclude that “hybrid war” is a conflict between political associations over symbols (hypotheses, language, identity, interests, etc.), in its inner essence, “it consists of social constructs, beliefs, convictions - i.e. from what is most difficult to reconcile."

Such a war draws the entire population into its orbit, fills the entire information space, neglecting all norms of morality and morality. The emergence of new types of wars does not exclude the continued possibility of contact wars using conventional weapons and non-contact wars using high-precision weapons. The types of possible symmetrical contact wars with the participation of different countries, according to V. Slipchenko, will be varied, from small-scale armed conflicts to wars of a regional scale. Internal wars and armed conflicts will continue, and civil wars are also possible due to the aggravation of social contradictions in society. All of them will be conducted in both contact and non-contact ways and, regardless of their scale, will inevitably be associated with large losses of troops (forces) and the population of the warring parties.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHANGING NATURE OF WARS

Firstly, if in the wars of the first generation (the first three and a half thousand years of the existence of civilization) the confrontation was carried out exclusively by contact, and its outcome was determined by the amount of manpower and the physical capabilities of the warriors to fight hand-to-hand and with cold steel, then in all subsequent generations of wars the methods contact confrontation was determined, first of all, by the quantity and quality of weapons and military equipment, their technical characteristics: range, rate of fire and accuracy, and the professional level of military skill of military personnel.

In sixth-generation wars - the so-called "non-contact wars", massive strikes can be carried out with high-precision weapons without combat contacts or combat operations on land. Secondly, with changes in the means of armed warfare and methods of conducting combat operations, the complication of military equipment, an increase in the weight of combat equipment, a significant increase in the volume of information and limited time for understanding it, the requirements for the military personnel have increased significantly - their level of military-professional competence, physical and intellectual opportunities. Let us give only two examples that confirm this conclusion. If before the 18th century. soldiers carried about 15 kg of equipment on their bodies, and most of it was transported in convoys, then after the 18th century. Due to the sharp increase in mobility requirements, the weight of a warrior’s combat equipment began to increase rapidly.

The weight of everything carried by an infantry soldier of Russian soldiers already during the Crimean (Eastern) War reached 77 pounds, and taking into account the weight of the cleaver and entrenching tool, up to 87 pounds. Conducted in the middle of the 19th century, after the Crimean War, by the British, and after them by the Germans, the first studies of physical stress on military personnel developed a recommendation that the load on soldiers should not exceed 21-22 kg. With such a load, the soldier was able to walk 24 km per day in cold weather. For comparison, let's say that the equipment worn by Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan weighed 40-60 kilograms, which significantly limited their actions. Combat practice shows that a modern soldier cannot act effectively if the weight of his combat equipment is more than 12 kg, and in special conditions (mountains, jungle, winter, rain) - no more than 8-9 kg. Exceeding this load inevitably leads to a sharp decrease in the potential speed of the attack, movement of the soldier, dulling of his attention and rapid fatigue.

Military equipment today places new demands on human physical capabilities. The levels of flight loads on the pilot have especially increased; their body today requires adaptive capabilities that go far beyond the physiological parameters. 4th generation combat aircraft (1975-2010) require dynamic overloads of up to 9 units with an impact duration of 20-30 seconds. The pilot can tolerate such overloads, but not more than 1-5 seconds. The technical characteristics of 5th generation aircraft have increased even more significantly, while the psychophysiological characteristics of humans have remained practically at the same level. To understand the extreme loads, we present some indicators. When a conventional airliner takes off, passengers in the cabin experience an overload of 1.5 G. According to international standards, the maximum permissible overload value for civil aircraft is 2.5 G. If it reaches 5 G, then an unprepared person may lose consciousness.

Thirdly, the changing nature of modern wars requires extreme mental stress and puts forward special demands on the moral and psychological preparation of military personnel. Fourthly, the increasingly complex nature of modern warfare, the manifold increase in dangers, threats and risks for the subjects of military operations, the limits of their physical and intellectual capabilities, the use of fundamentally new information technologies in armed struggle, the expansion of the possibilities of influence of modern weapons not only on the armed forces, but also on others. troops and military facilities, but also on the civilian population, indicate fundamental changes in the very paradigm of warfare and objectively force us to look for new ways to ensure the integrated survivability of a soldier of the 21st century. The main trend of the first quarter of the 21st century, aimed at minimizing losses in manpower, is the transition from the previous principle of “soldier shooting” to the principle of “soldier managing.”

MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR FORMING A SOLDIER OF THE XXI century.

In many countries with large armies, theoretical developments have been underway for quite a long time, with the goal of transforming a serviceman from an ordinary fighter into a multifunctional super-soldier, capable of enduring extreme physical loads, quickly understanding the situation, making decisions that are adequate to it, preempting the enemy, and, without hesitation, act for their immediate implementation. The main areas of research are remote computer detection and identification of targets, provision of operational control and communications, target designation, assessment of the soldier’s location and reference to the terrain, as well as medical monitoring of the functional state of military personnel.

According to some reports, more than 60% of all military purchases in the armies of NATO countries have been directed in recent years to the individual protection of those who directly take part in hostilities. The most famous project for creating new promising models of weapons and military equipment capable of meeting the requirements put forward by the concept of network-centric warfare was the American state target program Future Combat System, implemented since the mid-90s. XX century Within its framework, the most important place is occupied by the Future Force Warrior program, which includes a series of R&D for the design and development of combat kits for “soldiers of the future” as an integral part of the automated combat system of a unit, unit, or formation. It is expected that the soldier will be provided with all the reconnaissance, control, destruction, protection and life support equipment necessary for effective combat, integrated into a single combat information and technical complex. This makes it an almost autonomous combat unit, included in a single command network.

In this regard, the development of equipment and weapons by the Institute of Soldier Nanotechnologies based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is known. The created combat vest, called “dynamic armor” by the researchers, is only a few millimeters thick and fits the soldier like a diving suit. The complex molecular components embedded in its thin layer make it simultaneously a body armor, a universal medical diagnostic tool, and an exoskeleton. Sensors built into the suit constantly measure all the soldier’s vital parameters (pulse, blood pressure, brain activity, temperature, etc.) and display the data on a projector in the helmet and on a medical computer, which, regardless of the soldier, instantly makes decisions about transforming the suit into an exoskeleton or armor. Based on a computer signal, the polymer actuators (actuators) that make up the suit make certain areas of it harder or softer. For example, if a leg is broken, the exoskeleton will allow it to be captured in artificial splints formed by the fabric of the suit.

In the Russian army of the last century, there was virtually no such combat equipment, and only in the last decades have decisive measures been taken to equip military personnel with a wide range of equipment and equipment. The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the Federal Target Program “Fighter-XXI”, taking into account the existing experience in the development of combat sets of individual equipment “Barmitsa” and “Permyachka”, began to supply the troops with a fundamentally new type of equipment - “Warrior”.

The kit includes a GLONASS system navigator, advanced electronic equipment that provides information transmission both by voice and in digital format, and displays the tactical situation on a sleeve or helmet-mounted display. The Russian Army also received a wearable reconnaissance, control and communications complex, which is an element of automated control equipment for tactical commanders and includes a multifunctional information complex, a commander’s personal computer, a company radio modem, and a universal transport vest. Unified wearable equipment allows you to transmit messages about the injury of a serviceman, ensures information exchange with higher levels of management and subordinate units. In order to reduce the excess load on a soldier, an anthropomorphic hydraulic exoskeleton has been used in recent years. This device duplicates the human musculoskeletal system and significantly expands its physical capabilities. Its developer, Lockheed Martin, calls this model a “universal soldier” - HULC

(Human Universal Load Carrier). One of these models is equipped with a mechanical “arm” that can rotate and be used to hang a weapon. With its help, even one fighter can easily control, for example, a 12.7 mm machine gun, which weighs at least 25 kg. The device allows you to lift loads weighing up to 70 kilometers, and carry up to 90 kilograms over rough terrain for 8 hours. In an hour, such a “universal soldier” is capable of walking an average of 4.8 km and even performing a forced march, accelerating up to 18 km/h. Note that the adaptation of a soldier in an exoskeleton takes about 90 minutes. The first such project in Russia was called ExoAtlet. It is based on innovative developments of Russian scientists in the field of expanding human physical capabilities. A working example of the Exoatlet P-1 exoskeleton of a passive modification, adapted for carrying a special forces assault shield, was demonstrated at the 6th International Integrated Security Salon in 2013. To minimize losses in manpower, robotic combat vehicles are being developed in many countries today. These robots are capable of conducting contact combat with the enemy; they are controlled remotely, which guarantees minimal losses. For example, according to some reports, back in 2006, a “robot sentry” was created in South Korea, intended to guard the borders with North Korea.

A mobile robotic complex for protecting the base sites of strategic ballistic nuclear missiles, capable of independently opening fire on targets, was also created in Russia. This unmanned all-terrain combat unit, controlled by radio at a distance of up to 5 km, can perform missions to detect and destroy stationary and moving targets, fire support and military reconnaissance. Let us note here that a similar system created in the United States, known as SWORDS, during tests in Iraq, could not identify targets and repeatedly fired at its own. Currently, most electromechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or combination combat robots are controlled by operators, and only a few can perform some tasks autonomously. One of the methods used today to transform an ordinary soldier into a super soldier, capable of enduring extreme physical exertion and suppressing the natural feeling of fear, is the use of stimulant drugs. The combat effectiveness of a soldier, especially the accuracy of fire damage, depends on the ability to control a naturally occurring reaction to an imaginary or real danger, which generates a feeling of fear. Researchers point out that because of fear, the effectiveness of fire in battle is simply negligible.

If in the First World War 2.5-5 thousand rounds of ammunition were spent on defeating one enemy soldier, then in the Second World War it was already 10 thousand, and in local military conflicts of the 20th century - 50 thousand. During World War II, American troops lost 504,000 men to mental illness on the battlefield. This number of military personnel is quite enough to form 50 divisions. In the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, almost one-third of Israeli casualties were due to psychological reasons. During the Vietnam War, psychogenic losses already amounted to 30% of the number of combatants. Among the means of suppressing this fear are specially designed psychostimulants. Already during World War II, amphetamine and methamphetamine were used to improve the performance and endurance of soldiers in active armies. Currently, to relieve fatigue and stress, instead of these drugs, other means are used, for example, the technology of stimulating the cerebral hemispheres through electromagnetic impulses. However, pharmacological stimulants are still in the arsenal of the modern soldier.

Fear is overcome with the help of anxiolytics, which help increase brain activity, and actoprotectors, which increase the soldier’s strength. Let us note here that the use of these drugs, due to individual susceptibility, can lead to other consequences: cause inhibition, hallucinations and psychosis, inappropriate behavior of a serviceman, increase his aggressiveness and cruelty. The experience of the US Army shows that the use of psychotropic drugs contributes to an increase in suicide. Even according to official data, every sixth US military personnel takes at least one psychotropic drug. From 2005 to 2011 In the US Department of Defense, the number of prescriptions for psychiatric drugs has increased almost 7 times. Their number increased 30 times faster than in the civilian sector. Non-amphetamine-type psychostimulants are currently being developed. For example, the initiative of the British Ministry of Defense to create the Haldane Spearman consortium to create means of increasing endurance is known. The drug developed here, Provigil (modafinil), allows a “zombie” fighter to survive without sleep for several days without reducing mental and physical abilities.

1. Despite the fact that modern, “new” wars for propaganda purposes are trying to be presented as a “war without losses”, as a “safe” war, non-contact armed struggle with the latest military technologies and high-precision weapons of the sixth generation, excluding the defeat of civilians, the war remains one of the main global problems of our time.

2. The last two decades have confirmed the main trend in the use of military force to achieve political results: striking the enemy and his military targets without combat contacts, without conducting military operations on land, which is expressed in the term “non-contact war.”

3. The idea of completely ousting the soldier from the battlefield and replacing him with automatic robots currently seems fantastic and hardly achievable. The outcome of the war and the effectiveness of the means used still depend on the person.

4. Changes in equipment and weapons over the past two or three decades have led to the fact that the soldier of the 21st century. turns into a combat system - a “soldier manager”. The rapid development of robotics and neuroprosthetics has allowed modern states to move to the practice of combining humans and various mechanical devices, thanks to which modern warriors have superpowers.

5. Further introduction of artificial elements with given parameters into the human body creates conditions for the gradual transformation of a person into a cyborg or an avatar. Such a post-human may be a creation based entirely on artificial intelligence or the result of multiple changes and improvements in its biotechnology.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Introduction What kind of war should Russia be preparing for? Classification of wars High-precision weapons of modern military conflicts Characteristic features of modern wars Features of modern wars 4. Conclusion Life safety teacher Kovalev Alexander Prokofievich Secondary school No. 2, Mozdok

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An analysis of the armed conflicts that took place in the 90s of the last century and at the beginning of the 21st century allows us to draw the conclusion that wars and armed conflicts of the future will be generated not by one factor, but by a complex interweaving of various socio-political, economic, national factors. , religious contradictions and reasons. So what kind of war should Russia prepare for? This question cannot be answered without first turning to the history of wars. There have always been wars. Historians have calculated that the Age of Civilizations is 5.5 thousand years - more than 15 thousand wars and armed conflicts have passed on our planet. And during these 5.5 thousand years, about a billion human lives were lost in wars. Currently we have 193 countries that are registered with the UN. Please note: 1/3 of these countries are at war. That is, they either fight or have insoluble contradictions with someone.

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Wars on our planet have their future. In the course of history they do not disappear, but develop along with civilization. Our task today is to understand not the future of wars, but the wars of the future: what wars await Russia in the future, and what we need to be prepared for. We now live in a completely different world. And this world has advanced much more militarily than is written about in the open press. Analyzing the experience of wars, military and armed conflicts that have taken place only over the past 52 years, one can detect a change in the pattern in the development of weapons: a smooth, gradual evolutionary process of development and modernization of known types of weapons began to give way to their spasmodic renewal. This was especially reflected in the fact that during this period not just new weapons appeared, but entire combat systems capable of performing those tasks that were previously assigned mainly to manpower.

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For example, in the Korean War (1950-1953), 9 previously unknown types of weapons were used. In the Vietnam War (1964-1975) there were already 25 such types. In wars and conflicts in the Middle East (1967, 1973, 1982, 1986) - about 30. And in the war in the Persian Gulf (1991). ) - over 100. The emergence of new, more advanced types of weapons only led to changes in the forms and methods of armed struggle, but did not change the war itself and it did not go beyond the fourth generation. Currently, there are different definitions of the concept of "war". They classify them in different ways, highlighting those aspects and characteristics that are explored or studied in them. Military science classifies military conflicts according to differences, features and characteristics of military significance. Currently, they are officially divided into WARS and ARMED CONFLICTS

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GLOBAL WAR is a war involving many, including the largest states of the world, located on all or most continents, waged in all or several theaters of war (military operations) and extending not only to their territories, but also to the world's oceans and airspace and space. It sets decisive political goals that threaten the very existence of the warring states, their state and socio-political system or position in the world hierarchy. It requires the mobilization of all material, human and spiritual forces, the implementation of a full strategic deployment of the armed forces and the transfer of the entire economic complex of the state to meet military needs. Air (aerospace) attacks are possible from all aerospace directions.

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REGIONAL WAR is a war with the participation of several states located on one or at the junction of neighboring continents, waged within the boundaries of one or at the junction of neighboring theaters of war (military operations) with the aim of redistributing the places of states in the world economic and political hierarchy, as well as their spheres of influence or permissions of territorial, ethnic, religious, etc. disputes. It requires the partial mobilization of human and material resources with incomplete deployment of the armed forces and the transfer of the state's economic complex to military production. Air (aerospace) attacks are possible from one or more aerospace directions.

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LOCAL WAR is a war with one or more neighboring states in one limited area of the world, arising from clashes of their local (national) interests and waged by peacetime armed forces with the build-up, if necessary, of the forces available in this area from other areas or at the expense of partial (local) mobilization. MILITARY CAMPAIGN (French campagne - campaign) - represents military actions in one theater or in one area, organized with one strategic or component or independent operational goal, united by a single plan and carried out continuously during the time of achieving this goal. It can be either an integral part (stage) of war, or isolated (independent, separate, separate), not leading to war (not escalating into it Kornet-M

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MILITARY ACTION (Latin actio - action) - is a short-term or even one-time armed action of a limited scale, not of decisive importance for the fate of the state, aimed at achieving one specific political or military goal without a direct transition to war and having the nature of a punitive sanction. INTERNAL ARMED CONFLICT is a confrontation caused by clashes of interests of certain groups of the population (classes, parties, estates, religious associations, sects, clans, etc.) or a sharp aggravation of various (economic, social, national-ethnic and religious and etc.) contradictions and carried out by violent actions with the use of weapons by warring groups among themselves or against the power structures (authorities) of the state. It can reach the scale of a CIVIL WAR and turn into it.

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Changing the CHARACTER of Russia's modern possible adversaries and their military threats will also affect the CHARACTER OF ARMED STRUGGLE. The main thing will be that the greatest surprise of the start of an attack is the first in time and in degree of danger, and for the entire state, and not just for its armed forces, the AIR (AIR-SPACE) component of the general military threat and general aggression. Calculations show that the training ground to destroy, say, three hundred particularly important hypothetical objects of the economy of a sovereign state is approximately 9,000 high-precision cruise missiles. For attacks, for example, on 500-600 key links in the military industry, 15,000-18,000 of the same missiles are required,

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To disrupt the fuel and energy system, destroy autonomous energy supply facilities, as well as bases for retaliatory strike weapons, another 4,000-8,000 cruise missiles will be required. This means that such a massive strike in an operation (28,000-35,000 cruise and other missiles, unmanned attack vehicles) is quite realistic, although in addition to those mentioned, it will be necessary to hit many other targets and objects. In the event of a military conflict using conventional weapons (large-scale war, regional war) threatening the very existence of the state, the possession of nuclear weapons can lead to the escalation of such a military conflict into a nuclear military conflict. Preventing a nuclear military conflict, like any other, is Russia’s most important task.

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES of modern military conflicts: a) integrated use of military force and non-military forces and means; b) massive use of weapons systems and military equipment based on new physical principles and comparable in effectiveness to nuclear weapons; c) expanding the scope of the use of troops (forces) and means operating in aerospace; d) strengthening the role of information warfare; e) reduction of time parameters for preparation for military operations; f) increasing the efficiency of command and control as a result of the transition from a strictly vertical command and control system to global network automated systems for command and control of troops (forces) and weapons; g) creation of a permanent military action zone in the territories of the warring parties.

Although the modern world is quite civilized, war between states and within their borders remains one of the main methods of solving political problems. Despite the presence of international organizations and protector states, armed conflicts are not uncommon in African countries and the East. Some states are in a constant state of sluggish armed confrontation. This nature of modern wars and armed conflicts is increasingly common in states where ethnically diverse populations are forced to live within a common border.

Types of wars depending on the scale of the conflict

Due to globalization, the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts is gradually changing. All members of a military-political or economic bloc can be drawn into an active military conflict. And today there are three of the most high-tech armies. These are Chinese troops: a hypothetical active war between two representatives of this list will automatically be large-scale. This means that it will take place over a large territory without the formation of a united front of confrontation.

The second, fundamentally different type of war is a local armed conflict. It either occurs between two or more countries within their borders, or occurs within one state. In such a confrontation, the armies of states participate, but not military blocs. It is characterized by a small number of participants and assumes the presence of a front.

The nature of the fighting

The nature of modern wars and armed conflicts can be briefly presented in the form of pairs: active or sluggish, positional or generalized, interstate or civil, conventional or illegitimate... An active war is accompanied by maintaining the front or conducting sabotage activities, supporting constant hostilities.

A low-intensity war is often accompanied by a lack of meaningful engagement between opposing armies, with priority given to sabotage or the occasional use of ranged attack capabilities. Low-intensity conflicts are often local and can continue even permanently in the absence of hostilities.

This situation is possible in regions with insufficiently formed statehood, which has neither the legitimate right nor the authority to initiate the conclusion of peace. The result of such a confrontation is the emergence of a local “hot” spot, which often requires the presence of a foreign peacekeeping contingent.

Conventional and illegitimate wars

This classification of the nature of modern wars implies their division depending on respect for human rights and international agreements regarding the use of weapons. For example, conflicts that involve terrorist organizations or self-proclaimed states that directly destroy or cause infrastructural damage to existing countries will be called illegitimate. The same applies to conflicts involving the use of prohibited weapons.

Military blocs can be formed against participants in such conflicts by “world arbiters” with the aim of destroying organizations and armies whose war tactics contradict international norms and conventions. However, this does not mean that conventional wars are warmly supported.

Conventional war simply does not violate international rules, and the warring parties use permitted weapons and provide assistance to the wounded of their enemy. Conventional wars are aimed at preserving the civilized appearance of warfare, which is designed to save the maximum number of human lives.

Precision weapons

Due to the peculiarities of the technical equipment of large armies, priority in the conflicts in which they were involved is given to a global disarming strike. This type of warfare involves the comprehensive and immediate neutralization of known enemy military targets. The concept involves the use of high-precision weapons designed to hit only military targets, providing maximum protection for civilians.

Distance Wars

An important feature of the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts is the maximum increase in the distance between opposing armies in order to conduct remote attacks. They must be carried out with maximum use of ammunition delivery vehicles and minimal involvement of human resources. Priority is given to means of warfare that ensure the safety of the soldier of his army. However, the main military means are those that ensure maximum damage to enemy troops. Examples include artillery, navy, aviation, and nuclear weapons.

Ideological background of wars

In such a broad concept as the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts, life safety as a field of knowledge highlights ideological training. This is the name given to a natural or artificially cultivated system of values and knowledge for a certain nationality. It is aimed either at creation or fosters the goal of destroying its ideological opponents. A striking example is the direct follower of Christianity - radical Islamism.

In the Middle Ages, Christianity as a very aggressive religion led to numerous wars, including with adherents of Islam. The latter were forced to defend their states and wealth during the Crusades. At the same time, Islam as a system of knowledge and as a religion was formed against aggressive Christianity. From that moment on, wars acquired the character not only as a means of achieving advantages in geopolitics, but also as a measure of protecting one’s value system.

Religious and ideological wars

Strictly speaking, after the formation of various ideologies, power confrontations began to take on a religious character. This is the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts, some of which, as in the inhumane Middle Ages, pursue the goal of seizing territories or wealth under favorable pretexts. Religion as an ideology is a powerful value system that delineates a clear boundary between people. Then, in the understanding of opponents, the enemy really is an enemy that has no common ground.

The importance of ideology in modern warfare

Having such an attitude, the soldier is more cruel, since he understands how far he is from his enemy in understanding even basic things. It is much easier to fight armed with such beliefs, and the effectiveness of an ideologically prepared army is much higher. This also means that modern wars often arise not only because of the desire to gain geopolitical advantages, but also because of national and ideological differences. In psychology, this is called armed with which a soldier can forget about leniency towards the vanquished and about international conventions adopted to reduce casualties during wars.

Definition of aggressor

The main paradox in the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts is the definition of the aggressor. Since, in the context of globalization, many countries are part of economic or political blocs, the warring parties may have a number of allies and indirect opponents. At the same time, one of the most important tasks of an ally is to support a friendly state, regardless of whether it is right. This leads to international problems, some of which are caused by distortions of reality.

Both frankly negative aspects and positive ones can be distorted. Such crises in international relations threaten war even for those states that did not participate in armed confrontation before fulfilling their allied obligations. This is one of the paradoxical features of the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts. The content of the literature on geopolitics directly confirms such conclusions. Examples are easy to find in the military conflicts in Syria and Ukraine.

Prospects for the use of nuclear weapons

The hypothetical nature of modern wars and armed conflicts in the Russian Federation suggests the possible use of nuclear weapons. Their use can be justified by the UN Security Council both in relation to the Russian Federation and against other states. This development of events is possible because nuclear weapons are highly effective as a means of preemption and disarmament. Also, nuclear weapons like WMD have no disadvantages in terms of long-term harm to the environment. That is, in the case of the use of atomic weapons in a certain territory, damage occurs due to the blast wave, but not due to radioactivity.

The nuclear reaction stops immediately after and therefore the territory will not be contaminated with radioactive substances. And unlike local wars, confrontations at the global level are of a different nature. In modern military conflicts, the main approaches boil down to maximum protection of the civilian population of the warring parties. This is one of the main reasons why the use of nuclear weapons to disarm an illegitimate enemy can be justified in global wars.

Prospects for the use of other weapons of mass destruction

Chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction (WMD) will not be used in a global war, as analysts assume. It can be used by warring parties in local conflicts. But an armed confrontation on a global scale, in which small states are involved, can also entail the use of chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction by poorly equipped armies.

The armies of the Russian Federation, China and NATO are parties to international conventions and have renounced chemical and biological weapons. Moreover, the use of such weapons does not completely fit into the concept of a global disarming strike. But in the context of local wars, and especially in the case of the emergence of terrorist organizations, such an outcome should be expected from non-governmental armies that are not burdened by international treaties and conventions. The use of chemical or biological weapons harms both armies.

Prevention of hostilities

The best war is the one that fails to happen. It’s strange, but such utopian ideals are possible even in conditions of constant saber-rattling, which is often seen in the politics of Russia, NATO, and China. They often conduct demonstration exercises and improve their weapons. And as part of identifying the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts, presentations of military means and achievements should be considered in the context of demonstrating their

This tactic allows you to show off your army and thereby prevent an active attack by a potentially enemy state. Nuclear weapons are stored today for a similar purpose. It is quite obvious that there is an excess supply of it in the world, but developed countries maintain large quantities of it for the purpose of so-called nuclear deterrence.

This is one of the tactics for preventing military action, requiring the owner of weapons of mass destruction to have a sound mind and a desire to achieve conflict resolution through diplomatic means. This also confirms that the modern concept of warfare comes down to increasing combat power. This is necessary in order to achieve victory with minimal consequences for one’s army and one’s own state. However, this applies to defensive wars, and in the civilized world, dominance in military power is not a sign of aggression - it is one of the tactics for preventing wars.

Currently, the nature of modern wars is determined by their military-political goals, the means of achieving these goals and the scale of military operations.

Analysis of armed conflicts that took place in the 90s. last century and at the beginning of the 21st century, allowed us to draw the conclusion that wars and armed conflicts of the future will be generated not by any one factor, but by a complex interweaving of various socio-political, economic, national and religious contradictions and causes.

According to the provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation 1, our state maintains its readiness to wage wars and participate in armed conflicts solely for the purpose of preventing and repelling aggression, protecting the integrity and inviolability of its territory, ensuring the military security of Russia, as well as its allies, in accordance with international treaties.

In this regard, a modern war can be local, regional, or large-scale.

Local war- a war between two or more states, pursuing limited military-political goals, in which military operations are conducted within the borders of opposing states and which primarily affects the interests of only these states (territorial, economic, political and others).

Regional war- a war involving two or more states of the same region, waged by national or coalition armed forces using both conventional and nuclear weapons, on the territory of the region with adjacent waters and in the air (space) space above it, during which the parties will pursue important military-political goals;

Large scale war- a war between coalitions of states or the largest states of the world community, in which the parties will pursue radical military-political goals. A large-scale war may result from the escalation of an armed conflict, a local or regional war involving a significant number of states from different regions of the world. It will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the participating states.

Military conflict- a form of resolving interstate or intrastate contradictions with the use of military force (the concept covers all types of armed confrontation, including large-scale, regional, local wars and armed conflicts).

Armed conflict- an armed conflict of a limited scale between states (international armed conflict) or opposing parties within the territory of one state (internal armed conflict).

Military conflicts will be characterized by transience, selectivity and a high degree of destruction of targets, speed of maneuver by troops (forces) and fire, and the use of various mobile groupings of troops (forces). Mastering strategic initiative, maintaining stable state and military control, ensuring superiority on land, sea and in aerospace will be decisive factors in achieving the goals.

Military operations will be characterized by the increasing importance of high-precision, electromagnetic, laser, infrasonic weapons, information and control systems, unmanned aerial vehicles and autonomous marine vehicles, controlled robotic weapons and military equipment.

Nuclear weapons will remain an important factor in preventing the emergence of nuclear military conflicts and military conflicts using conventional weapons (large-scale war, regional war).

In the event of a military conflict using conventional weapons (large-scale war, regional war), threatening the very existence of the state, the possession of nuclear weapons can lead to the escalation of such a military conflict into nuclear military conflict.

Preventing a nuclear military conflict, like any other military conflict, is the most important task of the Russian Federation.

The Russian Federation considers it legitimate to use the Armed Forces and other troops to repel aggression against it and (or) its allies, maintain (restore) peace by decision of the UN Security Council, other collective security structures, as well as to ensure the protection of its citizens located outside the Russian Federation Federation, in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of international law and international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The use of the Armed Forces and other troops in peacetime is carried out by decision of the President of the Russian Federation in the manner established by federal legislation.

2 Escalation - a gradual increase, strengthening, expansion of something (for example, the escalation of a war).

conclusions

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be ready to repel an attack and defeat the aggressor, to conduct active operations (both defensive and offensive) in any scenario of unleashing and waging wars and armed conflicts, in conditions of the enemy’s massive use of modern and advanced military weapons, in including weapons of mass destruction of all types.
Modern war can be local, regional, large-scale.

Questions

What are the famous wars of the 20th century? can be classified as unfair (for the side that committed the attack), and which ones can be classified as fair (for the defending side)?
What weapons are an important factor in preventing the occurrence of nuclear military conflicts and military conflicts using conventional weapons?
How are modern wars divided according to the scale of their conduct?
What are the main goals that determine the readiness of the Russian Federation to wage war and participate in armed conflicts?

Tasks

Justify the need in modern conditions to strengthen military discipline and increase the effectiveness of moral and psychological training of personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
Select materials from special publications and prepare a message on the topic “Conducting information and propaganda work among enemy troops and populations (using the example of one of the wars or one of the military conflicts).”

Possible directions for the development of the NATO expansion process. In the event of NATO's transformation into a political organization with a historically formed military potential, the process of the Alliance's expansion to the east will remain within the framework of a political dialogue with Russia regarding the conditions for further interaction. In this dialogue, difficulties will inevitably arise related to the conditions for the integration of new member countries into the Alliance

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and disaster medicine

Ex. No. ___

lecture

in academic discipline (GOS)

Cycle:

Specialties: - - - - dentistry; 060108‒ pharmacy

Topic No. 2.

Inv. No. ______

Tomsk

State budgetary educational institution

higher professional education

"Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation"

Department of Mobilization Training of Health Care

and disaster medicine

Lecture plan

in academic discipline (GOS)

"Military and extreme medicine"

Cycle: “MOBILIZATIONAL PREPARATION OF HEALTHCARE”

Specialties: 060101 medical practice; 060103 pediatrics; 060112‒ medical biochemistry; 060113‒ medical biophysics; 060114‒ medical cybernetics; 060105‒ dentistry; 060108‒ pharmacy

Topic No. 2.

THE NATURE OF MODERN WARS AND ARMED CONFLICTS

Time: 90 minutes.

Location:lecture hall (as scheduled).

I . Educational and educational goals:

To familiarize students with the nature of modern wars and armed conflicts.

Study the classification of military conflicts.

To form in students a state-patriotic consciousness, a sense of love and loyalty to their Fatherland.

II . EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT

1. Visual aids:

A) slides:

No. 2/1 “Main priorities of Russian foreign policy.”
No. 2/2 “Main types and types of troops of the RF Armed Forces”

2.Technical teaching aids:

1. Computer (laptop).

2. Multimedia projector.

3. Literature:

For teachers:

For students:

Main:

1. Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Military Duty and Military Service” dated March 28, 1998 No. 53-FZ. 2. Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense” dated May 31, 1996 No. 61-FZ. 3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” dated 05/07/1992 No. 166.

4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000. “On the concept of national security of the Russian Federation” No. 24.

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated April 21, 2000. “On approval of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation” No. 706.
Additional:

III . Study questions and timing

No.	Study questions	Time (min)	Slides, films No.
	Introduction
	Study questions:
				Sl. 1
		I century.

				Sl. 2
	Conclusion.

"" __________ 2011

Associate Professor of the Department

_______________V.Yu.Kuzmin

State budgetary educational institution

higher professional education

"Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation"

Department of Mobilization Training of Health Care

and disaster medicine

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

KUZMIN Viktor Yurievich

lecture

in academic discipline (GOS)

"Military and extreme medicine"

Cycle: “MOBILIZATIONAL PREPARATION OF HEALTHCARE”

Specialties: 060101 medical practice; 060103 pediatrics; 060112‒ medical biochemistry; 060113‒ medical biophysics; 060114‒ medical cybernetics; 060105‒ dentistry; 060108‒ pharmacy

Topic No. 2.

THE NATURE OF MODERN WARS AND ARMED CONFLICTS

Time: 90 minutes.

Literature:

For teachers:

4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000. “On the concept of national security of the Russian Federation” No. 24.

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated April 21, 2000. “On approval of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation” No. 706.

For students:

Main:

4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 10, 2000. “On the concept of national security of the Russian Federation” No. 24.

5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated April 21, 2000. “On approval of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation” No. 706.

Additional:

1. Public and state training, ed. N.I. Reznik, Voronezh 2004.

Study questions	Slides, films No.	Page
Introduction
Study questions:
1. The influence of the level of threats and uncertainty factors on the development of the Military-Political and Military-Strategic situation in the world.	Sl.1
2. Main features of armed conflicts of the late 20th - early 20th I century.
3.Classification of armed conflicts.
4. Military organization of the state.	Sl. 2
Conclusion.

TEXT OF LECTURE.

INTRODUCTION 5 min.

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world, with a centuries-old history and rich cultural traditions. Despite the difficult international situation and internal difficulties, due to its significant economic, scientific, technical and military potential and unique strategic position on the Eurasian continent, it objectively continues to play an important role in world processes.

In the future - wider integration of the Russian Federation into the world economy, expansion of cooperation with international economic and financial institutions.

Today, the common interests of Russia and the interests of other states remain on many issues of international security, including countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, preventing and resolving regional conflicts, combating international terrorism and drug trafficking, solving acute environmental problems of a global nature, including problems of ensuring nuclear and radiation security.

II . MAIN PART - 80 min.

1. The influence of the level of threats and uncertainty factors on the development of the Military-Political and Military-Strategic situation in the world

20 min.

The level of threats and uncertainty factors have a significant impact on the development of the military-political and military-strategic situation in the world, on the creation of hotbeds of tension and conflict zones, on the nature of wars and armed conflicts. It should be noted that wars and armed conflicts of the future will not be generated by one even very significant factor, but by a complex interweaving of various socio-political, economic, national and religious contradictions and reasons that should be taken into account when revealing the strategic content of the armed struggle of the future.

Russian military planning in the field of construction and use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the first half XXI will also be determined by the existence of a number of uncertainty factors. Underfactor of uncertaintyrefers to a situation, conflict or process of a political or military-political nature, the development of which can significantly change the geopolitical situation in a region that is a priority for Russia’s interests or create a direct threat to the security of the Russian Federation. However, the very nature of the uncertainty factors excludes the possibility of formulating an unambiguous forecast of their development. This circumstance turns uncertainty factors into a special category of military planning for the Russian Armed Forces.

The following are identified as uncertainty factors:

Reduced role of the UN Security Council, the formal and actual deprivation of its prerogatives to authorize the use of military force in the world. Expanding the practice of using military force for political or economic purposes on the basis of a national decision will significantly reduce the importance and effectiveness of political instruments for resolving crisis situations and will significantly lower the threshold for the use of the Armed Forces. This may require Russia to seriously adjust its military construction and deployment plans. Thus, the preservation of the UN Security Council's authority to authorize the use of military force in the world is considered as the most important instrument for maintaining international stability.

The possibility of returning nuclear weapons to the properties of a real military instrument.Attempts have been noted to return nuclear weapons to the range of acceptable military instruments through the implementation of “breakthrough” scientific and technical developments in new types of nuclear weapons, turning nuclear weapons into relatively “clean” ones, the use of which does not have such significant negative consequences as the use of earlier types of nuclear weapons. weapons. Carrying out similar R&D in a number of countries and making political decisions on the possibility of their expanded financing are considered by the Russian Ministry of Defense as a factor that can seriously change global and regional stability. In fact, the question is raised about the possibility of targeted use of nuclear weapons in regional conflicts against military and civilian targets with the aim of destroying large groups of armed forces and civilian infrastructure. Lowering the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons at the operational-tactical and tactical levels, devaluing the importance of conventional armed forces and weapons, transforms the threat of using nuclear weapons from political to military-political. This will require Russia to restructure its command and control system and create a deterrent capability, perhaps not only through changes in nuclear policy, but also through readiness to implement asymmetric measures.

Possibility of enhancing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear technologies, and delivery vehicles. The expansion of the practice of using armed force without the sanction of the UN Security Council may provoke a greater demand for weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, among regional centers of power seeking to create an instrument of deterrence. In addition to the general destabilization of the international situation, this will also have a number of military-applied consequences. The emergence of the nuclear factor in the regional balance of forces on both sides will significantly change the nature of the armed struggle. For Russia, this process, if fully implemented, will create the problem of expanding measures to counter the threat of the development and use of weapons of mass destruction in regional conflicts, both at the political and at the military-technical level.

Prospects and direction of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Currently, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) plays a critical role in ensuring regional stability in Central Asia and the western part of the Far Eastern region. In the event of further strengthening of the political and military-political potential of this structure, Russia will have a zone of peace and stability in the South-Eastern and Far Eastern directions, excluding the emergence of a large-scale military threat, which Russia will have to confront alone. If there is a complete or partial renationalization of the security policy of the states in the region, Russia will be forced to consider the region as a potential source of ethnic conflicts, border disputes and general military-political instability. This can naturally make adjustments to Russian military planning, as well as to the principles of deploying groups of forces and assets of permanently ready units.

Possible directions for the development of the NATO enlargement process. In the event of NATO's transformation into a political organization with a historically formed military potential, the process of the Alliance's expansion to the east will remain within the framework of a political dialogue with Russia regarding the conditions for further interaction. In this dialogue, difficulties will inevitably arise related to the conditions for the integration of new member countries into the Alliance and their role in it, since Russia firmly advocates the absence of anti-Russian components not only in military planning, but also in the political declarations of the Alliance member countries. Otherwise, the partnership between Russia and NATO is devoid of functional meaning. However, if NATO remains as a military alliance with a predominantly offensive military doctrine, especially against the background of the weakening role of the UN Security Council in deciding on the use of force, this will require a radical restructuring of Russian military planning and the principles of building the Russian Armed Forces, including in the range of possible actions elements of a preventive strategy in the event of a threat to the Russian Federation. Moreover, such a restructuring will be required by the deployment of groups of foreign troops on the territory of states bordering Russia. A change in the Russian nuclear strategy and an increase in the importance of tactical nuclear weapons to ensure stability in the Western strategic direction are not excluded.

The Russian state, consistently pursuing a balanced foreign policy and implementing broad international cooperation, strictly adheres to the generally recognized principles of international law in the field of international politics, which form the basis of the Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, approved by the President of the Russian Federation in 2000. It is important to note that its legal basis consists primarily of the provisions of the Constitution, federal laws, as well as other regulations governing the activities of federal government bodies in the field of foreign policy, generally recognized principles and norms of international law. The Concept states:“The highest priority of Russia’s foreign policy is to protect the interests of the individual, society and the state.”

The Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation defines the main priorities of our state’s foreign policy in solving global problems (Slide No. 1):

- formation of a new world order;

- information support of foreign policy activities.

It contains a set of new proposals for improving the current international situation and creating favorable external conditions for the formation of a stable, fair and democratic world order, built on generally accepted norms of international law (including, first of all, the goals and principles of the UN Charter), equal and partnership relations between states.

The conceptual foundations of the foreign policy of the Russian state reflect the current stage in the development of international relations. The concept of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation and its main directions, determined by the President of the Russian Federation, take into account a qualitatively new balance of power on the world stage and the need to apply new approaches to solving problems of Russian foreign policy and major international issues.

Thus, it is impossible to imagine the implementation of Russian foreign policy without the regulatory component of this mechanism. The regulatory component of the constitutional and legal mechanism for implementing the foreign policy of the Russian Federation is a set of interrelated legal acts that regulate the relationships and activities of government bodies in the process of implementing Russian foreign policy. It is a set of normative legal acts that establish the organizational structure, functions and powers of government bodies whose competence includes resolving foreign policy issues.

Based on the current situation and the fact that the highest priority of Russian state policy is to protect the interests of the individual, society and the state, it is necessary to outline the main goals of Russia’s military policy at the present stage.

1) Ensuring reliable security of the country, preserving and strengthening its sovereignty and territorial integrity, strong and authoritative positions in the world community, which best meet the interests of the Russian Federation as a great power, as one of the influential centers of the modern world and which are necessary for the growth of its political and economic , intellectual and spiritual potential.

2) Influence on global processes in order to form a stable, fair and democratic world order, built on generally accepted norms of international law, including, first of all, the goals and principles of the UN Charter, on equal rights and partnerships between states.

3) Creation of favorable external conditions for the progressive development of Russia, the rise of its economy, raising the standard of living of the population, successful implementation of democratic reforms, strengthening the foundations of the constitutional system, respect for human rights and freedoms.

4) Formation of a belt of stability along the perimeter of the Russian borders, assistance in eliminating existing and preventing the emergence of potential hotbeds of tension and conflict in the regions adjacent to the Russian Federation.

5) Searching for agreement and coinciding interests with foreign countries and interstate associations in the process of solving world security problems determined by the national priorities of Russia, building on this basis a system of partnerships and allies that improve the conditions and parameters of international interaction.

Even a cursory analysis of the existing threats to Russia's national security, taking into account existing uncertainties, shows the degree of changes that have occurred in the world over the past decade. It is obvious that, along with changes in the field of military-political forms and methods, the nature of the direct military and combat confrontation has significantly modified, taking into account which is necessary when assessing the prospects for ensuring national security in Russia.

2. Main features of armed conflicts of the late 20th - early 20th 1st century 25 min.

Considering the specifics of armed conflicts of the 1990s and early XXI century, it is necessary to dwell on the following fundamental points:

no generalized type of armed conflict emerged. Conflicts in the forms and principles of warfare were very different;
a significant part of the conflicts were asymmetrical in nature, that is, they occurred between opponents at different stages in technical terms, as well as in the qualitative state of the armed forces;
all conflicts developed in a relatively limited area within one theater of military operations, however, with the use of forces and assets located outside it. However, conflicts that were essentially local were accompanied by great bitterness and resulted in a number of cases in the complete destruction of the state system (if there was one) of one of the parties to the conflict;
The role of the initial period of armed conflict or war has significantly increased. As the analysis of the outcome of armed conflicts shows, it was the seizure of the initiative at the initial stage of hostilities that predetermined the outcome;
The main role in the initial period of the war, of course, was assigned to long-range precision weapons operating in conjunction with aviation. However, in the future, the main burden of combat operations fell on the Ground Forces.

Speaking about the factor of nuclear deterrence, especially in relation to deterring threats associated with the enemy’s use of conventional weapons, it is necessary to take into account the fact that in modern conditions it can be carried out effectively only with the presence of highly equipped and combat-ready general-purpose forces. Only in this case will the threat of using nuclear weapons in response to an attack using conventional weapons look convincing.

Based on the analysis of the most common features of end-of-life conflicts XX beginning of XXI centuries, we can draw the following fundamental conclusions regarding the military-political features of armed struggle at the present stage and in the foreseeable future.

The armed forces reaffirm their central role in carrying out security operations. The actual combat role of paramilitary forces, paramilitary forces, militias, and internal security forces units turns out to be significantly less than expected before the outbreak of armed conflicts.

The decisive moment for achieving military-political success is to seize the strategic initiative during an armed conflict. Passive conduct of hostilities in the hope of “exhaling” the enemy’s offensive impulse will lead to the loss of controllability of one’s own group and subsequently to the loss of the conflict.

The peculiarity of the armed struggle of the future will be that during the war, not only military facilities and troops will come under enemy attacks, but at the same time the country’s economy with all its infrastructure, civilian population and territory. Despite the development of the accuracy of weapons of destruction, all the recent armed conflicts studied were, to one degree or another, humanitarian and dirty and resulted in significant casualties among the civilian population. In this regard, there is a need for a highly organized and effective system of civil defense of the country.

The criteria for military victory in armed conflicts will be different, however, in general, it is obvious that the main importance is the solution of political tasks in an armed conflict, while military-political and operational-tactical tasks are primarily of an auxiliary nature. In none of the conflicts examined was the victorious side able to inflict the planned damage on the enemy. But, nevertheless, she was able to achieve the political goals of the conflict.

Despite the increased role of the forces and assets deployed at the time of the threat, a significant role in the outcome of the armed conflict will be played by the presence of a combat-ready reserve and a system for its mobilization and deployment. This will make it possible to maintain the strategic resource of force response in any development of the situation during an armed conflict.

Combat operations will be characterized by a combination of maneuver operations and positional actions. Reconnaissance and sabotage activities and guerrilla warfare are considered part of a “conventional” war. This confirms the need for a balanced composition of forces and means of the armed forces, as well as comprehensive combat training.

Modern military planning must also take into account the experience gained during the armed conflicts of the late last century and the beginning of this century. Correct understanding of this experience will require abandoning habitual stereotypes.

Over the past period, no single dominant type of armed conflict has emerged. This means that combat training, operations planning, and military-technical support must be as flexible as possible. It is also clear that the old concept of conventional wars, both limited and large-scale, is undergoing significant changes. This means the need to prepare for conventional combat operations, counterinsurgency operations, and the fight against various forms of terrorism. Most conflicts developed in a limited area within one theater of military operations, however, with extensive use of forces and assets located outside it. This requires the Armed Forces to be prepared not only to defend themselves in the event of external aggression, but also to transfer combat operations in one way or another to enemy territory.

It is absolutely clear that the main striking force in modern conflicts is the air component. And anyone who still believes that in a modern war, like the Second World War, the decisive blows of tank wedges will be, lives by outdated ideas. The enemy will not come to us in a tank. The enemy will fly to us by plane or deliver weapons by air.

It is clear that in modern warfare, success will be on the side of those who can functionally integrate all information flows and adjust combat plans depending on the changing situation in real time. This means that the operational formation of a group of troops must include: an intelligence and information center operating in real time; automated, highly secure system for command and control of troops and weapons; and most importantly, an aerospace echelon performing both reconnaissance and strike functions. Modern warfare also requires increasing the stability of communications and command and control facilities.

New trends in the art of war.

First. The principle of concentrating forces and means in a decisive direction, which has existed for a long time, requires clarification for new conditions. It should be carried out mainly through the massive use of fire weapons.

In some cases, new long-range weapons will make it possible, instead of maneuvering and concentrating troops, to maneuver in trajectories to deliver massive fire strikes against certain groupings of troops. And strike groups will move forward in the direction of the main attacks at the very last moment.

Second. The relationship between strategy, operational art and tactics has changed, although all these categories of military art will retain their importance. Using the results of strategic strikes and completing the defeat of enemy groups will depend on the success of combat operations on an operational and tactical scale.

Third. The external and internal indicators of the armed struggle will change. It will strictly link the actions of a large number of branches of the armed forces, combat arms and special forces, performing a huge number of complex interconnected strategic, operational and tactical tasks simultaneously in all spheres of armed struggle.

Fourth. There will be a further convergence of the methods of action of troops in the offensive and defensive. The offensive in the future is presented as a combination of fire and electronic strikes.

In connection with the increase in the range and effectiveness of fire weapons, there will be a need to clarify methods for dispersing troops along the front and in depth, both in the offensive and in defense, and removing firing lines from waiting areas, troop deployment lines, second echelons and reserves. The importance of the early creation of sufficiently strong and well-protected groups of ground forces and forces that are capable of not only repelling an enemy attack after inflicting massive air strikes, but also being ready to immediately conduct (possibly separate autonomous detachments or groups) offensive actions in direct contact will increase with enemy ground forces. It is necessary to transform a “non-contact” war into a “contact” war already in the initial period of the war, as the most undesirable for an enemy equipped with long-range precision weapons.

Fifth. A characteristic feature of the tactical actions of the future will be the increasing importance of the firing range. The troops will have the opportunity to use fire weapons to inflict a significant defeat on the enemy long before direct contact with him. The new weapon will make it possible to achieve continuity of the offensive, surprise and swiftness of strikes, high activity, maneuverability and stability of troops. One of the characteristic features of the battle will be the disruption and reflection of enemy air strikes and the struggle for air supremacy.

Sixth. Of particular importance is the ability of troops to ensure the rapid disabling of the enemy’s political and economic control infrastructure, as well as communications and electronic warfare systems.

Seventh. A decisive role in the war of the future will be played by a well-protected, noise-resistant air defense system, capable of effectively combating all enemy aircraft, including those manufactured using Stealth technology. The air defense system must be echeloned and structured at three levels:

strategic air defense with elements of protection against cruise and ballistic missiles;

object-based air defense, covering the most significant military, political and humanitarian infrastructure facilities;

Air defense of ground forces, neutralizing enemy attempts to achieve air superiority over the battlefield.

The first victims of air strikes in recent conflicts are civilians. Therefore, reliable air defense is, first of all, the protection of our people.

Eighth. When planning aggression, the enemy will carry out a wide range of measures to conceal the beginning and nature of his preparations for the attack. One of the effective ways to solve this problem could be to carry outa special disinformation operation, which will include a set of interconnected and carefully coordinated measures to mislead the opposing side about their true intentions.

Ninth. Although gaining air supremacy and the massive use of precision weapons will retain a decisive influence on the outcome of the armed struggle, they do not eliminate the need to conduct massive ground operations by ground forces. Excessive dependence on air support will be a factor limiting the combat use of armed forces. The increased importance of air defense systems on the battlefield is revealed.

But there is one more feature of modern war. This is a sharply increased role of the moral factor. The defeat of apparently powerful armies in recent conflicts was achieved, among other things, due to their moral collapse. As soon as possible, it is necessary to create a truly effective, rather than formal, system of moral and psychological training for military personnel. We need to take the best of our military traditions, but at the same time take into account changes in the structure of our society and new democratic values.

The key condition for victory in almost all conflicts was undermining the morale of the troops and stimulating unrest in the officer corps. Significant role in end armed conflicts XX early XXI century will be played by the ratio of the levels of moral and psychological stability of the parties and, in particular, the senior command staff. This means the need to strengthen military discipline, the rule of law, create a truly effective system of moral and psychological training of the armed forces from soldier to general, as well as increase the efficiency of the activities of military counterintelligence agencies. The availability of tools for conducting information and propaganda work among the enemy troops and population will be of great importance for the outcome of armed conflicts.

3. Classification of armed conflicts 20 min.

New challenges and tasks in the field of international security are becoming the most significant for the military-political situation in the world. Such as the need to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, the fight against international terrorism, ethnic and religious radicalism, drug trafficking, organized crime, and the ability to repel any aggression.

The importance of economic interests in world politics is increasing. This objectively expands the scope of application of military force. The implementation of international operations to use force outside traditional military-political organizations, but within the framework of coalitions formed on a temporary basis, is becoming a reality.

A correct assessment of these global trends and an understanding of the main directions of their development will contribute to a more realistic assessment of threats to Russia's national security and the prevention of military conflicts.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are preparing for direct participation in the following types of military conflicts:

Armed conflict.One of the forms of resolving political, national-ethnic, religious, territorial and other contradictions using means of armed struggle, in which the state (states) participating in hostilities do not go into a special state called war. In an armed conflict, the parties, as a rule, pursue private military-political goals.

An armed conflict may result from the escalation of an armed incident, a border conflict, an armed action and other armed clashes of a limited scale, during which means of armed struggle are used to resolve contradictions.

An armed conflict can be international in nature (involving two or more states) or internal in nature (involving armed confrontation within the territory of one state).

Local war.A war between two or more states, limited by political goals, in which military actions will be conducted, as a rule, within the borders of opposing states and primarily affect the interests of only these states (territorial, economic, political and others).

A local war can be waged by groups of troops (forces) deployed in the conflict area, with their possible strengthening through the transfer of additional forces and assets from other directions and the partial strategic deployment of armed forces.

Under certain conditions, local wars can develop into a regional or large-scale war.

Regional war.A war involving two or more states (groups of states) in the region by national or coalition armed forces with the use of both conventional and nuclear weapons in the territory limited by the boundaries of one region with the adjacent waters of oceans, seas, air and outer space, during in which the parties will pursue important military-political goals. To wage a regional war will require the full deployment of the armed forces and the economy, high tension of all the forces of the states -participants. If states possessing nuclear weapons or their allies participate in it, a regional war will be characterized by the threat of a transition to the use of nuclear weapons.

Large scale war.War between coalitions of states or the largest states of the world community. It can result from the escalation of an armed conflict, local or regional war by involving a significant number of states from different regions of the world. In a large-scale war, the parties will pursue radical military-political goals. It will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the participating states.

Modern Russian military planning, based on a realistic understanding of the modern resources and capabilities of the Russian Federation, proceeds from the fact that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, together with other troops, must be ready to repel an attack and defeat the aggressor, conduct active operations (both defensive and offensive ) in any scenario of unleashing and waging wars and armed conflicts, in conditions of massive use by the enemy of modern and advanced military weapons, including weapons of mass destruction of all types.

At the same time, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must be able to:

In peacetime and in emergency situations, while maintaining the potential of strategic deterrence and performing the tasks of maintaining combat readiness, troops (forces) of constant readiness, without additional mobilization measures, successfully solve problems simultaneously in two armed conflicts of any type, as well as carry out peacekeeping operations both independently and as part of multinational contingents.

In the event of an aggravation of the military-political and military-strategic situation, ensure the strategic deployment of the RF Armed Forces and contain the escalation of the situation through strategic deterrence forces and maneuver forces of constant readiness.

In wartime - to repel an enemy's aerospace attack with available forces, and after a full-scale strategic deployment - to solve problems simultaneously in two local wars without the use of nuclear weapons.

The Russian Federation intends to resolutely and firmly strengthen its national security, relying both on historical experience and on the positive experience of the country's democratic development. The established legal democratic institutions, the established structure of government bodies of the Russian Federation, the wide participation of political parties and public associations in the development of a strategy for ensuring national security make it possible to ensure the national security of the Russian Federation and its progressive development in XXI century.

Armed conflictmay arise in the form of an armed incident, armed action and other armed clashes of a limited scale and result from an attempt to resolve national, ethnic, religious and other contradictions through means of armed struggle. A special form of armed conflict is a border conflict.

An armed conflict is characterized by:

high involvement and vulnerability of the local population; the use of irregular armed forces;
widespread use of sabotage and terrorist methods;
the complexity of the moral and psychological environment in which troops operate;
forced diversion of significant forces and resources to ensure the security of movement routes, areas and locations of troops (forces);
the danger of transformation into a local (international armed conflict) or civil (internal armed conflict) war.

Local war can be carried out by groups of troops (forces) deployed in the conflict area, with their reinforcement, if necessary, through the transfer of troops, forces and equipment from other directions and the partial strategic deployment of armed forces. In a local war, the parties will operate within the borders of opposing states and pursue limited military-political goals.

Regional warmay result from the escalation of a local war or armed conflict and be waged with the participation of two or more states (groups of states) of one region, by national or coalition armed forces using both conventional and nuclear weapons. In a regional war, the parties will pursue important military-political goals.

Large scalewar may result from the escalation of an armed conflict, a local or regional war, involving a significant number of states from different regions of the world. A large-scale war using only conventional weapons will be characterized by a high probability of escalating into a nuclear war with catastrophic consequences for civilization, the foundations of life and the existence of mankind. In a large-scale war, the parties will set radical military-political goals. It will require the full mobilization of all material and spiritual resources of the participating states.

A large-scale (regional) war may be preceded by a period of threat. It may also have an initial period, the main content of which will be an intense armed struggle to seize strategic initiative, maintain stable state and military control, achieve superiority in the information sphere, and gain (maintain) air supremacy. In the case of a protracted large-scale (regional) war, its goals will be achieved in the subsequent and final periods.

The main feature of the conflicts of the new historical period was that there was a redistribution of the role of various spheres in armed confrontation: the course and outcome of the armed struggle as a whole will be determined mainly by confrontation in the aerospace sphere and at sea, and land groups will consolidate the achieved military success and directly ensure achieving political goals.

Against this background, increased interdependence and mutual influence of actions at the strategic, operational and tactical levels in the armed struggle has emerged. In fact, this suggests that the old concept of conventional wars, both limited and large-scale, is undergoing significant changes. Even local conflicts can be fought over relatively large areas with the most decisive goals. At the same time, the main tasks will be solved not during a collision of advanced units, but through fire engagement from extreme ranges.

4. Military organization of the state 15 min.

The protection of Russia's national interests in the military sphere is decided first of all,military organization of the state, which represents the totality of state and military administration bodies, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as allocated parts of scientific and production complexes, the joint activities of which are aimed at ensuring defense and military security, protecting the vital interests of the state.

The main task of the military organization of the Russian Federationis to implement deterrence in the interests of preventing aggression of any scale, including the use of nuclear weapons against Russia and its allies.

The Russian Armed Forces are an integral element of statehood, a military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense. They are intended to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, armed defense of the integrity and sovereignty of Russia. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can also be used to protect against unconstitutional actions within the state, illegal armed violence, and to carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation. In peacetime and wartime, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal legislation, carry out the tasks assigned to them jointly with other troops, military formations and bodies.

The composition, strength, and equipment with the main types of weapons and military equipment are determined taking into account the tasks assigned to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the geostrategic position of Russia, international treaties, as well as the emerging military-political and strategic situation in the world and the economic capabilities of the country. Currently, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are equipped with conventional and nuclear weapons, weapons and military equipment that allow them to reliably guard and defend Russia’s borders.

Leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federationcarried out by the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Within the limits of his powers, he issues orders and directives that are mandatory for execution in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies of the Russian Federation.

Exercising direct control of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the President of Russia approves their structure and composition up to and including unification, as well as the staffing number of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The list of military positions filled by senior officers in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops is also approved by the President of the Russian Federation. He also has the right to appoint military personnel to these positions and assign them senior officer ranks.

The President of the Russian Federation occupies an independent and extremely important place in the system of ensuring the security of the state and the armed protection of its citizens. His powers are aimed at ensuring coordinated interaction of all branches of government to protect the state sovereignty of Russia and strengthen the defense capability of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. He has a special responsibility to the people for the state of the Russian Armed Forces and their readiness to defend their state and their people.

Management of the Armed Forcescarried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which is the main body for the operational management of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is a federal executive body that pursues state policy and carries out public administration in the field of defense, as well as coordinating the activities of federal ministries and other federal executive bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation on defense issues.

General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federationis the central body of military command and control and the main body of operational management of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, coordinating the activities of other troops, military formations and bodies for carrying out tasks in the field of national defense.

The Ministry of Defense of Russia, in addition to the General Staff of the Armed Forces, includes services, main and central directorates, main commands of services, commands of branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Logistics Directorate of the Armed Forces, and other control bodies.

Organizationally, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of centralized military command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units, institutions and organizations, as well as military educational institutions that are included in the types and branches of the military, the Logistics of the Armed Forces and troops that are not included in the types and branches of the military. Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Military authoritiesare intended to lead troops (forces) at various levels in both peacetime and wartime conditions. These include commands, headquarters, departments, departments and other permanently and temporarily created structures. To locate and operate control elements in combat conditions, control posts are deployed.

Associations - these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. The associations include the army, flotilla, military district - operational-strategic territorial combined arms association and fleet - naval association.

Military district is an operational-strategic territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational-strategic formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them.

Military Unit - an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of ranks 1, 2 and 3, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons) and individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments.

To institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian FederationThese include such structures for supporting the life activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

To military educational institutionsinclude: military academies, military universities and institutes, higher and secondary military schools, military faculties at civilian universities, Suvorov and Nakhimov schools, training and retraining courses for officers.

Part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the joint armed forces (JAF) or be under a unified command in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or collective CIS peacekeeping forces in zones of local military conflicts).

Recruitment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with personnel is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation: military personnel - by calling up citizens of the Russian Federation for military service on an extraterritorial basis and by voluntarily enrolling citizens of the Russian Federation for military service; civilian personnel - by voluntarily entering work.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Slide No. 2):

The branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is a component unit, distinguished by special weapons and designed to carry out the tasks assigned to them. The branches of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy).

Ground Forces, Air Force and Navy. Each branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consists of branches of troops (forces); to comprehensively support the combat activities of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they include special troops and logistics.

To the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federationinclude: Space Forces. Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces. A branch of the armed forces is understood as a part of a branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions in interaction with other branches of the military.

Special troops serve to support types and branches of troops and assist them in carrying out combat missions. These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, communications troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of others.

III CONCLUSION 5 min

A new look at the threats of the 21st century is that in the future the main threat will come not from the regular armies of different countries, but from all kinds of terrorist, criminal and other organizations, the participants of which are united in certain network structures.

Under the influence of such threats, the role and place of the Armed Forces are changing. To a greater extent, the emphasis is on conducting non-military operations in the usual sense of the word. In connection with this, a new term “network war” even appeared.

It is quite obvious that the previously listed types of possible wars against Russia will not be realized in their pure form. There is every reason to believe that due to the peculiarities of the geopolitical situation, the complexity of the internal situation and the incompleteness of the creation of a modern defense system, the entire system of existing forms of armed struggle and special operations will be used against Russia.

Thus, radical changes in the world, qualitative changes in the military and political situation after September 11, 2001, the emergence of new forms of armed struggle with an increase in the share of special operations necessitate the creation of a qualitatively new system of state defense and the military organization of the state.

In the system of ensuring military security, a fundamentally important role belongs to the Armed Forces. Modern Armed Forces must meet the requirements of new generation wars and be capable of solving problems of repelling traditional and non-traditional forms of armed aggression.

"" __________ 2011

Associate Professor of the Department

_______________V.Yu.Kuzmin

Slide number 1

Main priorities of Russian foreign policy.

Formation of a new world order;

Strengthening international security;

Providing favorable foreign policy conditions for Russia in the field of international economic relations;

Respect and protection of human rights at the international level;

Information support of foreign policy activities.

The main types and types of troops of the RF Armed Forces.

Types of aircraft:

Ground troops;

Air Force;

Naval forces.

Type of troops:

Strategic Missile Forces;

Space Forces;

Airborne troops.

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