Medical education in England and Great Britain. Medicine in the UK is the most ethical way to make money on your health

Studying in England is a dream for many young people thinking about higher education. Universities in England are so prestigious that high tuition fees do not bother students and their parents from all over the world. Currently, about 65 thousand foreign students.

The result of studying at English higher education institutions is an international level qualification and serious knowledge in numerous subjects. The structure of English education is such that one university can unite several colleges and departments (for example, observatories, laboratories, business schools).

Laboratory classes, lectures, exams in each institution are organized centrally, i.e. are common to everyone, and individual classes and seminars are held in colleges.

To obtain a bachelor's degree, you have to study at English universities for three years, and at Scottish universities for four. For architectural, medical and other specialties, longer training is implied. After receiving a bachelor's degree, you can continue your studies and obtain a master's degree in 1-2 years.

Oxford students

The Government of England is interested in qualified personnel from other countries, therefore it is developing internship programs where a graduate can spend up to 2 years in his or her specialty. A program has also been developed to provide work permits to those students who decide to stay after studying.

For the efficiency of work and cooperation between educational institutions, societies are created, for example, the Russell group unites 24 of the best higher education institutions in England.

The term "red brick universities" refers to 6 prestigious institutions of large industrial cities, which were originally created as colleges of engineering and applied subjects, but then received royal university charters.

It is worth taking a closer look at the universities included in the list of the most famous universities, both in England and in the world.

Oxford University

The oldest university in England and the second oldest higher education institution in Europe is located in. Scientists have not established the exact date of its foundation, but it is known that in the 11th century they were already teaching there.

All the prime ministers of Great Britain studied at the three universities described above.

The job of employing graduates is excellent here. Assistance with documents and work permits is also provided for those foreign students who, after receiving their diploma, wish to stay and work in Scotland.

The university, which unites several educational institutions in Manchester, is in third place in terms of the number of Nobel laureates(25) after Oxford and Cambridge. The competition for a place at the University of Manchester is the highest in England.

The Manchester educational institution includes: Manchester Museum, which houses more than 4 million artifacts from around the world; Whitworth Art Gallery, which exhibits historical prints, sculptures, paintings, and printed works; Theater Kontakt, designed mainly for youth audiences.

The main alternative to Oxbridge is considered public research university in Nottingham.

The third oldest university in England is Durham University, and the Durham Castle building in which it is located is the oldest university building in the world.

Aston University ranks first in England in terms of teaching medical subjects.

The University of Buckingham is interesting - the only private institution among universities; has extensive connections with colleagues in other countries.

The Westminster educational institution, which was formerly called the Central London Polytechnic, was the first to introduce the new science of photography. The first photo studio in Europe was opened here.

Cranfield University is a joint French-British postgraduate institution. This educational institution is the only one that has its own airport and aircraft for teaching and researching aerospace technologies.

Thanks to the widespread use of distance learning methods, the Open University of Great Britain has become the largest in terms of the number of students.

Also known are Southampton, Leeds, Bristol, Liverpool and many other higher educational institutions. In total there are more than 120 universities in England. English higher education institutions are rightfully considered one of the best in the world.

Interesting video about Cambridge University:

A hospital is an institution that is built, staffed, and equipped for the identification (diagnosis) of disease; for the treatment, both medical and surgical, of the sick and the injured; and for their housing during this process. The modern hospital also often serves as a center for investigation and for teaching. To better serve the wide-ranging needs of the community, the modern hospital has often developed outpatient facilities, as well as emergency, psychiatric, and rehabilitation services.

Hospitals have long existed in every civilized country. The developing countries, which contain a large proportion of the world's population, do not have enough hospitals, equipment, and trained staff, and, by the standards of the industrialized countries, the hospitals that do exist are poorly equipped to handle the volume of people who need care. These people, then, do not always receive the benefits of modem medicine, public health measures, or hospital care, and they generally have lower life expectancies.

In the developed countries the hospital as an institution is becoming more complex as modern technology increases the range of diagnostic capabilities and expands the possibilities for treatment. As a result of the greater range of services and the more involved treatment and surgery available, the ratio of staff to patient has increased and a more highly trained staff is required.

During recent years, a combination of medicine and engineering has produced a vast array of new instrumentation, much of which requires a hospital setting for its use. Hospitals are thus becoming more expensive to run, and health service administrators are increasingly concerned with the question of cost-effectiveness.

Topic No. 2: Medical education in the UK and the USA

Duration of topic study – 12h.

Target: development of skills in translation, annotation and summarizing of texts in the specialty

Tasks:

independently train translation skills of everyday and general scientific texts with a dictionary;

independently train the skills of annotating and summarizing texts in the specialty, using semantic compression techniques.

Text 1. Higher Education in the United States

In the USA there is no consistent distinction between the terms “college” and “university”. The general tendency, however, is to call a college a higher educational institution offering courses of instruction leading to the Bachelor’s degree; a university is a college or a group of colleges or departments offering courses of institution leading not only to the Bachelor’s degree but also to the Master’s and the Doctoral degrees. There are two types of universities and colleges in the United States -private and public (state). High quality institutions are found equally among public and private universities. The principal difference is funding.

Admission to colleges and universities is based on several criteria, including the results of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). It is an examination in school subjects that high school students must take before they can go to college or university. SAT results tell only the part of the story. Most schools will also ask for personal information; a transcript of high school grades; a Standardized Freshman Application Form; teachers' recommendations; essays in various topics.

A Bachelor’s degree program lasts four years. A freshman is a first-year student, a sophomore is a second-year student, a junior is a third-year student, and a senior is a forth-year student. A student working toward a Bachelor’s degree (BA or BS) is called an undergraduate; one working toward a Master’s (MA or MS) or Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD) is called a graduate student. Some students receive scholarships that pay all or part of their tuition. A person on such a fellowship is called a university fellow.

The first two years are mainly devoted to general education. The program includes broad survey courses for general knowledge from which the student can go on to a specialized interest in the junior year. This interest is usually termed a “major” or a “field of concentration”. A second field of interest, in which one takes almost as many courses, is often called a “minor”.

The American academic year usually runs from the middle of August to the beginning of May or June. Most schools divide the academic year into 3 terms or 2 semesters (Fall and Spring semesters). Achievement is measured by grades which are given on papers and tests during the course of the semester and a final examination at the end of the term. The final grade is based on all the work done for the course. A grade point average (GPA) is determined at the end of a term to show the student’s overall achievement. College grades, determined by each instructor on the basis of class work and examinations, are usually on a four-point scale, with letters to indicate the level of achievement. “A” is the highest mark, followed by “B”, “C”, “D”, “F”, the last one denotes a failure.

Higher education institutions are usually governed by a board of regents or a board of trustees.

For foreign students (including Russian students), the attractiveness of medical education in England and the UK has only increased over the years. Indeed, a medical diploma obtained in the United Kingdom is very prestigious: it opens up enormous opportunities for international employment, further education (doctoral and advanced training programs), for scientific and research activities, and practically serves as a guarantee of a prestigious and highly paid position.

Benefits of medical education in the UK

Higher education in the field of medicine, like others educational programs Great Britain, for several hundred years. The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks the United Kingdom 18th in the world for health care (ranked 15th in Europe). Britain is in the TOP 10 around the world regarding the level of development of medicine and the use of innovative specialized technologies, in terms of volume scientific research and the pace of development of medical science. It is in the UK that there are such world-famous universities as the University of Newcastle, Oxford, Cambridge, whose medical faculties are incredibly prestigious and in demand. Of course, this inevitably affects the competition for each place: according to statistics, only 8% of foreigners manage to overcome all entrance examinations and study at the coveted faculty.

It is worth noting the fact that the medical profession abroad, including in the UK, is very respected and prestigious, and is highly paid. Of course, training is not cheap, but all investments begin to pay for themselves almost immediately after graduation. According to statistics, a local therapist in a public clinic receives more than 40,000 euros per year, while in private clinics the salary is expected to be higher.

Structure of higher medical education

To obtain a higher medical education in England, you will have to spend 7-8 years. First, students master the bachelor's program (general fundamental knowledge and skills), then continue to study priority areas in the internship (Foundation) - internship is inextricably linked with internships and real practice. The first academic degree a student can receive is a bachelor of medicine or surgery (they are considered similar), and then they can continue their studies in the chosen specialty or choose a narrower specialization.

After receiving a bachelor's degree, students will undergo an internship (Foundaion), which lasts 2 years (F1 and F2). After completing the internship, the student receives a prestigious MB or ChB diploma (the latter is issued to surgical students). To practice in the UK, a student must obtain a Foundation Doctor degree (until 2005, the corresponding level was called Pre-registration house officer and Senior house officer). The internship program includes not only classes in specialized disciplines, but also courses in IT, teamwork, and time management. The internship includes 2 stages (each lasting 1 year):

Students study 3-4 selected specialties. But a general standard of knowledge is also established (by the General Medical Council): each student after each trimester must acquire a certain set of knowledge and have certain skills

Profile study of diagnostics and prevention acute diseases. It is at this stage that students attend classes on IT, teamwork and personnel management, human resources, and master key time management skills.

Let's take the USA as an example: here an intern is a student who has already received a basic medical education, but does not yet have the right to independent medical practice - in the UK such a specialist bears the title of Foundation House Officer. Abroad, interns can only practice under the supervision of a licensed physician and only in officially accredited clinics.

There is also the possibility of an accelerated course of medical education - the GEP express program (4 academic years). True, only students of biological and medical faculties who have successfully completed the main course are accepted for this course. Yes, there are exceptions to the rule (for example, Cambridge accepts even graduates of purely humanitarian specialties into the GEP program), but such details need to be found out every year specifically at the chosen institution.

The most prestigious and rated universities

In the UK, there is a whole list of prestigious and elite specialized educational institutions - more than 10 universities and more than 30 medical schools, which have graduated a huge number of world-famous professionals: medical practitioners, scientists and researchers. We note the following educational institutions:

• University of Oxford
• University of Cambridge
• Queen Mary, University of London
• King's College School of Medicine
• University of Bristol
• University of Nottingham
• University of Wales
• University of Birmingham
• St. George's, University of London
• University of Liverpool
• University of Newcastle
• University of Leicester
• University of Warwick.

Requirements for applicants

Medical universities justify their prestige and selectivity, among other things, by unusually high requirements for applicants. A good level will no longer be enough here English language and high grades in the school certificate - you will need an A-level program certificate (note that it must include core subjects such as biology or chemistry), an excellent certificate of the international English language exam (IELTS or TOEFL), as well as a mandatory medical exam BMAT (Biochemical Sciences Achievement Level).

At the same time, most universities provide a very small quota of places for foreigners from outside the European Union (and this includes Russian students), which further increases the competition for each vacant place.

Pre-university training programs

If you want to ensure your successful admission as much as possible and deepen your language and academic knowledge, pay attention to the following special preparation programs for medical universities and faculties:

• Foundation

A course familiar to Russian students lasting 1 academic year. Upon successful completion, the student can enroll in bachelor's programs even without exams, and after completing the course at the university, he can work in the USA, and additionally, having passed the GMC certification, in the UK. Look for similar programs in large educational centers - for example, INTO and Study Group. We highly recommend the INTO course in St. George’s University of London: the medical degree program takes 6 years (4 years of study and 2 years of internships and practices in the best clinics in the USA) and is considered one of the most effective.

• Access to Medicine

As the name suggests, it is a specialized course that provides some advantage when enrolling in specialized universities due to its depth and complexity of study (however, remember that even Access to Medicine will not be a guarantee of admission!). This program is provided, for example, at City College (Norwich) and Manchester College of Arts and Technology.

General information:

UK universities are among the most prestigious educational institutions in the world. More than 2 million students study at UK universities every year. More than 100 universities are located in England, most of them are state-owned. According to the time of creation, universities in the UK are divided into

• “Old” are Oxford, Cambridge, the universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews, Glasgow and Aberdeen; they arose in the 14th-17th centuries. The “golden youth” of England are mainly educated here.
• “Red brick” universities got their name from the factory buildings where they were created in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is believed that these universities have strong technical disciplines, mathematics, and mechanical engineering. For a long time, these universities in London, Manchester, and Birmingham were contrasted with the “old” ones as educational institutions that provide knowledge that is in demand for life, rather than theoretical.
• “Glass” universities that arose after World War II.
• The “newest” are 33 polytechnic institutes, which at the end of 1992 received university status

All UK universities participate in rankings compiled annually by The Times and Daily Telegraph newspapers. There is even a separate issue - The Good University Guide, which is entirely devoted to the problem of choosing a university or MBA program in the UK.

Advantages of higher education in England:

• Many universities in England are considered among the best in the world: Oxford, Cambridge, London School of Economics, etc.
• London is the financial capital of the world, a global symbol of business education
• Diplomas from UK secondary and higher schools are recognized throughout the world, which means they are a ticket to further prestigious education or a successful career.
• England is the best place to learn English, recognized as the language of international communication.

Diplomas and degrees:

• Bachelor's Degree (3-4 years (for architects, doctors - up to 5 years)) - this is the first degree of higher education, the presence of which is a prerequisite for obtaining any qualified job.
• Master's Degree (1-2 years) is the second stage of higher education, which is not compulsory, but is necessary in order to grow up the career ladder and occupy positions of middle and senior managers. Many students take a break between receiving their bachelor's and master's degrees and prefer to work for 2-3 years, and only then, having decided whether they want to continue studying in the same course or choose a different specialization, receive further education.
• "Sandwich courses" - when studying under this program, the student, after 2 years of study, goes to work in his specialty for 1 year, and then returns to the university. In this case, the work is counted to the student as study hours. Most often, such courses are offered in applied, technical specialties such as engineering, IT, etc.
• MBA (Master of Business Administration)(1-2 years) is a program whose purpose is to obtain the knowledge and skills that are necessary to manage an enterprise. Typically, this degree is awarded to adults who already have a bachelor's or master's degree and have at least 1-2 years of experience in a management position. English business schools consistently top global rankings. Among them are London School of Economics, Imperial College, London Business School and others

Medical education in England:

Upon completion of medical school in medicine or surgery at UK universities, the degrees Bachelor of Medicine or Bachelor of Surgery are awarded, which are the first professional degrees. The knowledge and skills acquired in the process of obtaining a bachelor's education are the basis for the next stage of training. After receiving the first degree, the doctor undergoes mandatory practical training - an internship in a hospital or clinic. A person who has already received a medical degree and who practices under the supervision of a licensed physician is called a Foundation House Officer. The training includes 2 years of preparation.

Foundation Doctor (FY1 or FY2) is a medical degree in the UK which includes two years of general postgraduate medical training and which forms a bridge between medical school and specialist/general practical training. The Foundation Doctor degree has been compulsory for all qualified doctors in the UK since 2005 (the Foundation Doctor degree replaced the traditional Pre-registration house officer and Senior house officer). Foundation Doctor has the opportunity to gain experience in a range of roles in different fields and different healthcare settings. The training also includes general professional skills applicable to all areas of medicine - teamwork, time management, acquisition of IT skills.

How to enter universities in England?

UK universities for the most part do not recognize the Ukrainian certificate of secondary education. To enter most of them, you need to graduate from school in one of the English-speaking countries, complete the IB or Foundation program - a year of preparation at the university. In addition, in some cases, you will need to take the IELTS English proficiency test.

There are several ways to enter British universities. The most common two, which are held in private schools:

Two-year A-levels programs - In the first year - AS-level - students choose 4-5 subjects. In the second year, training is narrowed to 3-4 subjects from those studied in the first year

International Baccalaureate (International Baccalaureate) - a 2-year program created for foreign students aged 16-18 who want to enroll in any university in the world. The program is especially suitable for those schoolchildren who have not yet decided on their choice of university, or those who would like to study in England and enroll, for example, in a university outside the UK. The program is offered by 60 colleges and schools in the UK and includes a wide range of subjects: your native language and literature, mathematics, natural sciences, languages ​​and different types art

Foundation Program - annual preparatory course at a university or college

List of documents for admission to a UK university:

For school graduates

• Certificate translated into English - Certificate of English language proficiency or a copy of a certificate of recent IELTS/TOEFL passing;
• Certificate of English language proficiency or a copy of a certificate of recent IELTS/TOEFL passing;
• Certificate translated into English

For university students

• Certificate of English language proficiency or a copy of a certificate of recent IELTS/TOEFL passing;
• Extract from the transcript, certified and translated into English

For persons with higher education

• Diploma of higher education;
• Diploma Supplement;
• Two recommendations from the university, for MBA programs - professional recommendations;
• Resume;
• IELTS test results

The UK is a leader in the quality of medical education. It is also among the top ten countries in terms of the level of development of medicine, the introduction of innovation and the use of scientific research. Medical education in England can be obtained in both specialized and general universities.

The training lasts 7-8 years, while general disciplines are studied at the undergraduate level, and during the internship (Foundation), students practice in their chosen field. The internship in the UK lasts two years (F1 and F2), and upon completion the student is awarded an MB or ChB diploma (if the student specialized in surgery).

Basic requirements for applicants

• Language proficiency level – IELTS no lower than 7.5 (or its equivalent).
• A-Level Diploma.
• Impeccable academic history. During the student’s studies up to A-levels: either excellent GCSE results (2 years before A-levels), or high grades in the certificate of secondary education, obtained, for example, in CIS schools.
• Qualities required for practice: compassion, tact, politeness. In addition, practical experience in the relevant field is required (work or internship in hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, and so on).

For admission you need
Pass a special exam in medicine UKCAT (UK Clinical Aptitude Test) or BMAT (Biomedical Admission Test) with a high score.

To enroll, you need

• Complete the Foundation pre-university training program (lasts 1 year). This makes it possible to enter a university without exams. Such programs are carried out educational centers INTO St. George's University of London, Study Group, St. Andrew's and Cardiff University.
• Complete the Access to Medicine preparatory program at City College, Norwich; Manchester College of Arts and Technology and other colleges.

Top universities by level of medical education

• University of Oxford
• University of Cambridge
• Queen Mary, University of London
• University of Newcastle
• University of Nottingham
• University of Southampton
• St. George's, University of London
• University of Wales, Swansea
• University of Warwick
• King's College School of Medicine (London)
• University of Birmingham
• University of Bristol
• University of Leicester
• University of Liverpool

Important
British universities do not accept students who are studying or have already graduated from a medical specialty. This is due to the belief that people have already used their chance to get into prestigious medical programs in other countries.