Analysis of Zabolotsky’s poem “Reading Poems. What interests you most
I'm not looking for harmony in nature
I don't look for harmony in nature.
Reasonable proportionality began
Neither in the depths of the rocks, nor in the clear sky
Unfortunately, I still couldn’t tell the difference.
How capricious is her dense world!
In the fierce singing of the winds
The heart does not hear the correct harmonies,
The soul does not sense harmonious voices.
But in the quiet hour of autumn sunset,
When the wind ceases in the distance,
When, embraced by the weak radiance,
Blind night will descend to the river,
When, tired of the violent movement,
From useless hard work,
In an anxious half-sleep of exhaustion
The darkened water will calm down,
When a huge world of contradictions
Satiated with fruitless play, -
Like a prototype of human pain
From the abyss of waters rises before me.
And at this hour sad nature
Lying around, sighing heavily,
And she doesn’t like wild freedom,
Where evil is inseparable from good.
And she dreams of the shiny turbine shaft,
And the measured sound of reasonable labor,
And the singing of trumpets, and the glow of the dam,
And live wires.
So, falling asleep on my bed,
Crazy but loving mother
Conceals the lofty world of a child,
To see the sun with my son.
About the beauty of human faces
There are faces like lush portals,
Where everywhere the great is seen in the small.
There are faces - like miserable shacks,
Where the liver is boiled and the rennet is soaked 1.
Other cold, dead faces
Closed with bars, like a dungeon.
Others are like towers in which for a long time
Nobody lives and looks out the window.
But I once knew a small hut,
She was unprepossessing, not rich,
But from the window she looks at me
The breath of a spring day flowed.
Truly the world is both great and wonderful!
There are faces - similarities to jubilant songs.
From these notes, like the sun, shining
A song of heavenly heights has been composed.
1 Rennet - here: cow or pork stomach, as well as a dish made from cow or pork stomach stuffed with meat.
Somewhere in a field near Magadan
Somewhere in a field near Magadan,
In the midst of dangers and troubles,
In the vapors of frozen fog
They walked behind the sledge 1 following.
From the soldiers, from their tinned throats,
From the bandits of a gang of thieves
Here they saved only about 2
Yes, outfits go to the city for flour.
So they walked in their pea coats -
Two unhappy Russian old men,
Remembering the native huts
And yearning for them from afar.
Their whole soul burned out
Far from loved ones and relatives,
And the fatigue that has hunched over the body,
That night consumed their souls.
Life above them in the images of nature
The series moved in its own way.
Only stars, symbols of freedom,
They didn't look at people anymore.
Wonderful mystery of the universe
Went to the theater of northern luminaries,
But her fire is penetrating
It no longer reached people.
A blizzard whistled around the people,
Sweeping frozen stumps.
And at them, without looking at each other,
Freezing, the old men sat down.
The horses stopped, the work was over,
Mortals have finished their work...
Sweet slumber embraced them,
She took me to a distant land, sobbing.
The guards will no longer catch up with them,
The camp convoy will not overtake,
Only some constellations of Magadan
They will sparkle, standing above your head.
1 Roswalni - a low and wide sleigh without a seat, with sides diverging away from the front.
2 Okolodok (okolok) - neighboring area, surrounding area.
Juniper bush
I saw a juniper bush in a dream,
I heard a metallic crunch in the distance,
I heard the ringing of amethyst berries,
And in my sleep, in silence, I liked him.
In my sleep I smelled a slight smell of resin.
Bend back these low trunks,
I noticed in the darkness of the tree branches
A little living likeness of your smile.
Juniper bush, juniper bush,
The cooling babble of changeable lips,
A light babble, barely reminiscent of resin,
Pierced me with a deadly needle!
In the golden skies outside my window
The clouds float one after another,
My garden, which has flown around, is lifeless and empty...
May God forgive you, juniper bush!
Will
When in my declining years my life runs out
And, having extinguished the candle, I will go again
Into the vast world of foggy transformations,
When millions of new generations
Fill this world with the sparkle of miracles
And they will complete the structure of nature, -
Let my poor ashes be covered by these waters,
Let this green forest shelter me.
I won't die, my friend. Breath of flowers
I will find myself in this world.
Centuries-old oak my living soul
It will cover its roots, sad and stern.
In its large sheets I will give shelter to the mind,
With the help of my branches I nurture my thoughts,
So that they hang over you from the darkness of the forests
And you were involved in my consciousness.
Over your head, my distant great-grandson,
I'll fly in the sky like a slow bird,
I will flash above you like a pale lightning,
Like summer rain I will fall, sparkling over the grass.
There is nothing more beautiful in the world than existence.
The silent darkness of the graves is an empty languor.
I have lived my life, I have not seen peace:
There is no peace in the world. Life and me are everywhere.
I was not born into the world when from the cradle
For the first time my eyes looked into the world, -
For the first time on my earth I began to think,
When the lifeless crystal sensed life,
When is the first time a raindrop
She fell on him, exhausted in the rays.
Oh, it was not for nothing that I lived in this world!
And it’s sweet for me to strive from the darkness,
So that, taking me in your palm, you, my distant descendant,
Finished what I didn't finish.
Questions and tasks
- How do you understand the words of N.A. Zabolotsky, included in the epigraph to the article about the poet?
- What childhood memories are reflected in the poet’s early poems?
- What kind of personality does N.A. Zabolotsky appear thanks to the stories of A. Makedonov, the poet’s contemporaries, Zabolotsky himself?
- What is interesting about N. A. Zabolotsky’s poems about his native nature? What makes them unique?
- Read the poems by N. A. Zabolotsky “I am not looking for harmony in nature”, “On the beauty of human faces”, “Somewhere in a field near Magadan”, “Juniper bush”, “Testament”. Which of them did you like more than others? Memorize two or three poems and prepare them for expressive reading.
- How do you explain the poet’s thought contained in the title of the poem “I am not looking for harmony in nature” and in the text of the poem itself? What does the poet see as reconciliation in a “world of contradictions”?
- The beauty of which human faces is especially close to the poet? Remember the statement of N. A. Zabolotsky: “Words should hug and caress each other... echo each other...” Is there such a roll call in the poem “On the Beauty of Human Faces”? Read and underline it as you read. What is the meaning of the poem?
- What melody accompanies the poetic lines of the poem “The Juniper Bush”? How does the poet speak about lost love?
- Zabolotsky rightly noted that a person considers the world around him ordinary, and the poet manages to remove the “film” from his eyes and surprise people with what he himself saw and was able to convey it in poems. Re-read the poems, find examples when you were surprised by the poet’s discovery where you saw the familiar and obvious. Thanks to what artistic means does Zabolotsky manage to embody the diversity and richness of the world? What does the poet see that allows him to say: “Truly the world is both great and wonderful!”?
- What times are told in the poem “Somewhere in a field near Magadan”? With the help of what artistic techniques is an inescapably sad picture of the path of “two unfortunate Russian old men” created?
- How is his statement realized in the poet’s poems: “Thought - Image - Music - this is the ideal trinity that the poet strives for”? Give examples.
- Remember the poems of Horace, Derzhavin, Pushkin about the monument. How does Zabolotsky’s poem “Testament” resonate with them? What does the poet hope for?
- What in the memories and statements about N.A. Zabolotsky attracted your attention? What do you think of Zabolotsky’s personality?
- Which poems by N. A. Zabolotsky seemed especially significant and modern to you? What is their essence?
Enrich your speech
- How do you understand the lines?
Truly the world is both great and wonderful! There are faces - similarities to jubilant songs. From these notes, shining like the sun, a song of heavenly heights is composed.
I don't look for harmony in nature.
How capricious is her dense world!
And it is sweet for me to strive from the darkness, So that, taking me in the palm of your hand, you, my distant descendant, will complete what I did not complete.
- Prepare your own story about the poet, including memories of writers, literary scholars and excerpts from the poet’s poems. Get acquainted with the books: Makedonov A.V. Nikolai Zabolotsky; Zabolotsky N. Life of N. A. Zabolotsky. Memoirs of N. Zabolotsky (compiled by E. V. Zabolotskaya, A. V. Makedonov, N. N. Zabolotsky).
Unhappy lucky people, aristocrat Popov-Popov, swimming across the river with raised hands and other thoughts of the great Oberiut, recorded by Leonid Lipavsky
With my son Nikita watching TV. Photo by Natalia Zabolotskaya. February 1955
What interests you most
"Architecture; rules for large structures. Symbolism; depiction of thoughts in the form of a conventional arrangement of objects and their parts. The practice of religions on the things listed. Poetry. Various simple phenomena - a fight, dinner, dancing. Meat and dough. Vodka and beer. Folk astronomy. People's numbers. Dream. Positions and figures of the revolution. Northern peoples. Destruction of the French. Music, its architecture, fugues. The structure of pictures of nature. Pets. Animals and insects. Birds. Kindness-Beauty-Truth. Figures and positions during military operations. Death. A book on how to create one. Letters, signs, numbers. Cymbals. Ships."
About the Gospel
“An amazing legend about the worship of the Magi,” said N.A., “the highest wisdom is the worship of the baby. Why hasn’t a poem been written about this?”
“The miracles of the Gospel are not interesting, but it itself seems like a miracle. And how strange is his fate, which is usually not paid attention to: there is only one prediction in it, and it, it soon became clear, did not come true; the last words of the character are words of despair. Despite this, it has spread.”
About intoxication
“It can be compared to smoking or scratching; irritation of the skin, lungs, stomach walls. That's the fun."
About swimming and flying
“I swam across the river with my hands up!” (He praised swimming: the swimmer experiences a joy inaccessible to others. He lies over great depths, lies quietly on his back and is not afraid of the abyss, soars above it without support. Flight is the same swimming. But not hardware. The glider is a harbinger of natural flight, similar to art or flying in a dream, this is what we have always dreamed of.)
About poetry
"Poetry is a hieratic phenomenon."
“Poetry once had everything. Then one after another was taken away by science, religion, prose, whatever. The last, already limited flowering in poetry was under the Romantics. In Russia, poetry lived for one century - from Lomonosov to Pushkin. Perhaps now, after a long break, a new poetic age has come. If so, then now is only the very beginning. And this is why it is so difficult to find the laws of the structure of large things.”
TASS
About gravity (conversation with Daniil Kharms)
N.A.: “There is no gravity, all things fly, and the Earth interferes with their flight, like a screen in the way. Gravity is an interrupted movement, and what is heavier flies faster and catches up.”
D. X.: “But it is known that all things fall equally quickly. And then, if the Earth is an obstacle to the flight of things, then it is not clear why on the other side of the Earth, in America, things also fly towards the Earth, that is, in the opposite direction than here.”
(N.A. was confused at first, but then found the answer.)
N.A.: “Those things that do not fly in the direction of the Earth, they are not on Earth. There are only suitable directions left.”
D. X.: “Then, it means that if the direction of your flight is such that here you are pressed to the Earth, then when you get to America, you will begin to slide on your belly tangentially to the Earth and fly away forever.”
N.A.: “The Universe is a hollow ball, the rays of flight travel along radii inwards, towards the Earth. That’s why no one leaves the Earth.”
He also tried to explain his view of gravity using the example of two loaves of bread, one 10 1/2, the other 11 1/2 pounds, which were placed on the scales. But could not. And he soon stopped talking.
About the stars
“Of course, stars cannot be compared to machines; this is as absurd as considering a radioactive substance to be a machine. But look at one interesting drawing in the book - the distribution of globular clusters of stars in the plane of the Milky Way. Isn't it true that these points add up to a human figure? And the Sun is not in the center of it, but on the genital organ, the Earth is exactly the seed of the Milky Way universe.”
About the surname
ON THE. (entering): “I’m changing my last name to Popov-Popov. It’s a double surname, undoubtedly aristocratic.”
About work for Yakov Druskin
“I would suggest that you, if you don’t be offended by me, become a chimney sweep. This is a wonderful profession. Chimney sweeps sit on the roofs, below them are various cells of Zhaktov massifs, and above them is a colorful sky, like a Persian carpet. Yes, the union of such people - I mean the alliance of chimney sweeps - could change the world. So, become, Ya. S., a chimney sweep.”
About dad
“I entered into an agreement to remake Gargantua and Pantagruel. This is perhaps even a pleasant job. Besides, I feel an affinity with Rabelais. For example, although he was an unbeliever, he kissed his dad’s hand on occasion. And I, too, when necessary, kiss the hand of a certain dad.”
About the Germans
ON THE. (indignantly): "Germans! They are a total disgrace. There, for example, Telman has been in prison for several months now. Can we imagine this here?.. And trees live for a very long time. Baobab - six thousand years old. They say that there are even trees that remember the times when there were no trees on Earth.”
About patches
ON THE. (looking at his feet and noticing the patches on his knees): “When I am rich, I will replace these patches with velvet ones; and in the middle there are still our carbuncles.”
About Andrey Bely
About appearance (in dialogue with Daniil Kharms)
N.A.: “Some people find that my profile and face are very different. My face looks like I’m Russian, but my profile looks like I’m German.”
D. X.: “What are you talking about! Your profile and face are so similar that it’s easy to confuse them.”
N.A.: “Pure types are the basis; a mixture, even of constitutions, is bad humanity.”
About art
“I met one person here, and I even liked him, until I found out that his favorite painting was “What a Space!” This picture shows all the provincialism, untidiness and mediocrity of the old Russian students with their worthless life and worthless songs. And how complacent it was! An aspen stake to his grave..."
With his wife Ekaterina Vasilievna. Photo by Natalia Zabolotskaya. 1954 From Nikita Zabolotsky’s book “The Life of N. A. Zabolotsky”, 1998 Oh happiness
“You know, it seems to me that all people, losers and even successful ones, still feel unhappy deep down in their souls. Everyone knows that life is something special, once and will not happen again; and therefore it should be amazing. But in reality this is not the case.”
About dreams of death
“It seems to me that I saw even more, the moment when it’s like you’ve already died and are melting into the air. And this is also easy and pleasant... In general, in a dream there is amazing purity and freshness of feelings. The most acute sadness and the most intense love are experienced in a dream.”
About dreams
“When you wake up in the middle of the night under the impression of a dream, it seems impossible to forget it. And in the morning it is impossible to remember. But the very tone of the dream is so different from life that those things that are brilliant in the dream seem withered and unnecessary later, like sea animals pulled out of the water. Therefore, I don’t believe that you can write poetry, music, etc. in your sleep so that it will be useful later.”
About health
“That’s right, and toothache has some value. Your yogis are complacent; It’s a nasty business listening to your guts.”
About what helps art
“If only there were suitable conditions for writing. D. X., for example, needs a theater; N. M. his magazine; I have two rooms, and I live in one.”
Then N.A. played backgammon, as always, and sang a simple song: “One adjutant had an aiguillette, and the other adjutant did not have an aiguillette.”
Subject: ON THE. Zabolotsky.Lyrics. The philosophical nature of the poet's lyrics. Theme of harmony with nature, love and death.
Goal: to introduce students to the work of N.A. Zabolotsky, to teach thoughtful reading of poetic texts, to instill the skills of analysis, interpretation and comprehension of poetic works, to repeat and consolidate the ability to find visual, expressive and stylistic means, to reveal the poet’s philosophical interpretation of the relationship between nature and man, training perception of beauty, harmony of sound of Zabolotsky’s poetic work, to evoke an emotional response to the poems of a wonderful poet.
There is nothing more beautiful in the world than existence.
The silent darkness of the graves is an empty languor
I have lived my life, I have not seen peace.
There is no peace in the world. Life and me are everywhere.
N. Zabolotsky
During the classes
1.Organizational moment
2. Opening remarks
“A block of black marble crowns his tomb. There is a drawing on the stone: a feathered creature falling into the waves. Broken lines of reeds, wings, neck. This is the leader of the flock from his poem "Cranes". A heavenly creature thrown into the abyss, which did not lose its “wonderful greatness” even at the last moment.”
Today we will talk about the work of a poet who for a long time remained misunderstood and disliked - this
Nikolai Alekseevich Zabolotsky ( 07.05.1903 – 14.10.1958)
Quote: "Throughout his life, N. Zabolotsky enjoyed the authority of a sensible and extremely rational person; in the 50s, in adulthood, he had the appearance of an average official, impenetrable and arrogant to unfamiliar people. But the works he created testify to what a sensitive and responsive heart he possessed, how he knew how to love and how he suffered, how demanding he was of himself, and what great storms of passions and thoughts found solace in his ability to create beauty - the world of poetry,” writes A. .F. Avdeeva(43.156).
Almost no one took him for a poet; even his friends said that he looked more like an accountant, a chief accountant, or even an auditor.
N. Zabolotsky was absolutely sure that a person will only become a person when he tirelessly fights with himself, with his weaknesses and vices. The epigraph to N. Zabolotsky’s lessons on poetry can be words from a poem published in Novy Mir (1958, No. 12) almost immediately after the poet’s death:
Man has two worlds:
The One who created us
Another one that we have been since forever
We create to the best of our ability... "At Sunset", ("New World" (1958, No. 12)
What kind of world did N. Zabolotsky create in his soul?
What is his “image of the universe”?
The poet was convinced that the greatest value for a person is that he is a person. This gave him strength to live. In Zabolotsky’s article “Why I’m not a pessimist” we read: “What you are used to seeing every day, what you glide over with an indifferent and habitual gaze, is in fact not everyday, but is full of inexplicable charm, great inner content, and in this mysterious in a sense. Here I am removing the film from your eyes: look at the world, work in it and be glad that you are a human being! That’s why I’m not a pessimist.”
(1. Entry on the diagram: I am a Man).
Why does Zabolotsky believe that you cannot cheat on yourself? How do you understand this? (The poet believes that a person is one who constantly forces his soul to work, who is in harmony with his conscience, who will never betray himself and is faithful to high moral values).
(2. Entry on the diagram: Being true to yourself).
Has Zabolotsky cheated on himself? We learn about this by getting acquainted with his life, with the stages of his creative biography.
The poet spent his childhood in the village of Sernur, Urzhum district, Vyatka province; the boy’s father worked there as a scientific agronomist. Here the first impressions of communication with nature were born.
Study at the Urzhum gymnasium, at Moscow University (1920) and at the Petrograd Pedagogical Institute. A. Herzen (1921)
Creation of a literary group OBERIU. Peculiarities of Oberiut poetry: search for a new poetic language, humanization of nature, rejection of the spiritless bourgeois world. You can read fragments from the poem "Evening Bar", which reveals the positions of the aesthetics of the Oberiuts - "the poet of naked concrete figures, brought close to the viewer's eyes." The result of the Oberiut period of creativity - the collection "Columns" (1929)
To identify the characteristic features of Oberiut lyricism, one can analyze the poem “Movement” (1926):
The driver sits as if on a throne,
Armor is made of cotton wool,
And a beard, like on an icon,
Lying there, jingling coins.
And the poor horse waves his arms,
It will stretch out like a burbot,
Then again the eight legs sparkle
In his shiny belly.
What is the difference in the depiction of phenomena in the first and second stanzas?
Describe the main images of the poem?
What objective realities emphasize that the cab driver is motionless, static?
What details show that the horse is dynamic and mobile? What is the allegorical meaning of this image?
Why does the first stanza have rhyme, but not the second? What does this mean for understanding the text?
(3. Entry on the diagram: Rejection of the bourgeois world)
In the 30s, his favorite theme, the theme of nature, arose in the lyrics of N. Zabolotsky. He treats it with reverence, believes in its great power, and is convinced that man is a part of nature, its son, and not its master. Therefore, he should not act on her by force. Natural philosophical poems appear in his lyrics (you can read the poem “Metamorphoses” or “Yesterday, thinking about death...”), where the poet talks about life, about the relationship between man and nature, about death and immortality. He believes that nature is majestic and strong, but unbridled and sometimes unfair, and man is her mind and thought. During the years of collectivization, Zabolotsky wrote poems and poems, where he claims that animals and plants can “think” in their own way and, like people, should be liberated, emancipated, and confirms his beliefs with a quote from Velemir Khlebnikov:
I see horse liberties
And equality for cows...
For this, he was subject to attacks from critics who accused him of almost undermining collectivization. In 1937, his new collection of poems, “The Second Book,” was published, where the poetry of thought triumphs.
(4. Entry on the diagram: Nature. Man is her mind and thought)
In 1938, N. Zabolotsky was repressed on false charges. His friends were also arrested. In prison he was subjected to endless and humiliating interrogations and attempts were made to break him spiritually. Sentence: 5 years of correctional labor. From 1938 to 1944 - camps: Far East, Magadan, Altai, Kazakhstan, logging, railway construction, blasting. Only his work as a draftsman in a design bureau, where he miraculously ended up, saved his life. During the years of prison and exile, he wrote only 2 poems about nature: “The Nightingale” and “Forest Lake”. In the post-war period, when the period of the camps ended, it was as if he was born again. Poems appear full of delight and joy of life, the happiness of free poetic creativity. This is the poem "The Thunderstorm" (1946).
Trembling with torment, lightning ran over the world,
The shadow from the cloud lay down and merged and mixed with the grass.
It’s getting more and more difficult to breathe, a cloud bank is moving in the sky,
A bird flies low, flying over my head.
I love this gloom of delight, this brief night of inspiration,
The human rustle of grass, the prophetic cold on a dark hand,
This lightning of thought and slow appearance
The first distant thunder - the first words in the native language.
So from the dark water a bright-eyed maiden appears into the world,
And the water flows down the body, freezing in delight,
The grasses faint, and they run to the right and to the left
Herds that saw the sky.
And she is above the water, above the expanses of the earthly circle,
Surprised, she looks in the wondrous brilliance of her nakedness.
And, playing with thunder, the word rolls in a white cloud,
And the shining rain bursts upon the happy flowers.
What is this poem about? What mood does it evoke?
What is the allegorical meaning of a thunderstorm?
Find artistic images that integrate man and nature? What is their artistic role and how do you understand these metaphorical expressions?
What is the composition of the poem? How many parts does it have?
How many verbs are there in the first stanza? And in the second? What is the meaning of this?
What mythological image appears in the second part of the text? What does it symbolize?
What is the color of the first part? And second? What does this mean for understanding the text?
Identify spatial relationships in the poem. Determine the direction of movement in space in the first and second parts. What is it in the last verse?
Why is there such a long line in the poem? What does this give? Why is the twelfth verse shorter than all the others?
What other rhythmic, phonological, lexical, syntactic features of the text did you notice?
What does such an analysis provide for understanding the poetic meaning of the poem?
(5. Entry on the diagram Creativity. The word is the highest force of nature.)
But the poet's joy is premature. He is a former "enemy of the people." His poems are not published. He lives on translations. Among his numerous translations are “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, “The Knight in the Tiger’s Skin” by Shota Rustaveli, poems by Georgian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Hungarian, German, Italian poets. Writes autobiographical prose "Early Years". In the almanac “Poetry Day” for 1956, only one poem by N. Zabolotsky, “Farewell to Friends,” was published:
What mood does this poem evoke?
What genre can it be classified into?
What is the composition of the poem? How many parts does it have? What poetic meaning does his ring composition take on?
How is the afterlife depicted? Why is it miniature, fragmented, disjointed? Is it harmonious?
What is the movement in the poetic space of the text? What do Zabolotsky’s concepts of “top” and “bottom” symbolize?
What meaning do its lexical and syntactic features acquire in the poem?
Why is it necessary to forget the human language in the afterlife?
Why does the lyrical hero believe that “he does not yet belong in those parts”?
What is this poem about?
The author is confident that the chaos of non-existence is overcome by human memory. Death is the disintegration into the smallest particles of matter, into its atoms, when matter becomes elementary and loses its structure. And the sign of a living organism is a word, a language. Zabolotsky is convinced that a person does not die completely, but disintegrates into the smallest particles, which can then be combined in a new organism, and a person in his new birth can become a flower, a tree, sunlight, water in a river. You can read and discuss the poem "Testament" (1948), which is currently offered for study in 9th grade. It confirms the poet’s philosophical beliefs about human immortality:
I won't die, my friend. Breath of flowers
I will find myself in this world.
Centuries-old oak my living soul
It will cover its roots, sad and stern.
In its large sheets I will give shelter to the mind,
With the help of my branches I nurture my thoughts,
So that they hang over you from the darkness of the forests
And you were involved in my consciousness...
(6. Entry on the Friendship diagram. The chaos of non-existence is overcome by human memory.)
But, despite the death of loved ones, the poet was always extremely attentive to people, he loves people with big and clear souls, he appreciates them for their inner, spiritual beauty. He discusses this in the poems “The Blind Man,” “The Old Actress,” “The Death of a Doctor,” “The Ugly Girl,” and “On the Beauty of Human Faces.”
(7. Entry on the diagram People. These are those who have not lost “their natural soul”).
In the last years of his life, Zabolotsky was ill a lot and lived for a long time in Tarusa-on-Oka. In 1957, he wrote the poem “The Thunderstorm is Coming,” where he summarizes his life in allegorical form. In the poems of these years, the theme of last love sounded with particular poignancy. The pinnacle of the lyrical cycle “Last Love” was the poem "Juniper bush."(You can invite students to try to create questions for discussing this poem themselves or offer tasks compiled by the teacher:
What mood does this poem evoke? Does it change as the text progresses?
How many parts are there in this poem? Which one is the most dynamic? The most motionless? What meaning does this reveal?
What colors, sounds, smells did you notice? What images are created with their help?
Analyze the verb vocabulary. What meaning is emphasized by the absence of verbs in the third stanza?
What is the movement in the poetic space of the text? What does this mean for understanding it?
(8. Entry on the Love diagram. “And love, and songs to the end”).
The poet's originality distinguished him from like-minded people - the Oberiuts.
The first book of his poems “Columns”received positive reviews.
In the 30s, after the publication of the poem “The Creativity of Agriculture”, N. Zabolotsky, on trumped-up charges, was ranked among the enemies of the people and arrested. His work was forgotten. But hardships and hardships did not break the poet, and the poet, after his release (this was the post-war period), returned to poetry and was engaged in translations. After the publication of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” not a single word about the poet’s work appears in the press. The obvious merits of the translation prevented them from scolding, but they did not dare to praise them. So it was N.A. Zabolotsky was a semi-recognized poet for many years.
Zabolotsky truly came to the reader only in the 1980s. At this time, his poems were republished several times. As a rule, publications were accompanied by a portrait of the author and introductory articles. The first works of literary scholars devoted to the work of Zabolotsky appeared.
In the poems of the 1940s and 50s, it is almost impossible to guess the intonations of the former, young Zabolotsky, who seemed to deliberately confuse the reader, did not allow him to understand the plot, piling heavy blocks of obscure words one on top of another. Now his texts have become, on the contrary, a model of clarity. His landscapes are detailed and precise, like magnificent photographs; his reasoning is clear and consistent.
"Cranes" - reading, analyzing and filling out the table
| Picture plan | Movement of feelings | Artistic media |
| 1-2 stanzas. “The leader led his... people” | The joy of returning, admiration for the beauty of the birds. | Epithet “ paternal", metaphor" drowning in the sky", epithet " silver“, the wings are as light as silver, strong as metal. |
| 3. “Black gaping barrel...” | Anxiety, fear, tension. | Antithesis: a lake, transparent through and through - a black gaping barrel; the role of the epithet. To gape is to be opened, revealing depth, failure. Offer to guess the word from the example explanatory dictionary: gaping... (abyss). |
| 4. “A ray of fire hit...” | Anger, pain, despair. | Metaphor “ray of fire”. Why wasn't the word “shot” used? “Collapsed.” What is special about this verb? |
| 5. “The cranes rushed...” | Fright, grief. | Metaphor and comparison, sound writing: Two wings, like two huge griefs... embraced a cold wave (o-o-o-o). |
| 6. “Nature returned to them again...” (this is no longer a painting). | Perseverance, courage, pride. | Metaphor (“nature returned”, “death took away”) |
| 7-8 “The leader... was diving...” | Sadness, pride. | Sound recording: And the dawn formed above him Golden glow spot. |
“Ugly Girl” “Confession” “Swan in the Zoo” “On the Beauty of Human Faces”
Poem "The storm is coming."
“We must conquer life! We must fight for ourselves. How many failures are still ahead, how many disappointments and doubts! But if at such moments a person hesitates, his song is finished. Faith and perseverance. Work and honesty..." (N. Zabolotsky.)
The poet looks more and more diligently at people. For example, in poem “On the beauty of human faces” Before us is a whole gallery of portraits. In a different work – “Ugly Girl”- the poet affirms his understanding of true, spiritual beauty. (Reading by heart and independent analysis by students)
N. Zabolotsky's poems are very lyrical and musical, and some of them became songs, such as, for example, "Confession".(Listening to the romance “Confession” - “Enchanted, bewitched...”)
At the end of the 50s, N. Zabolotsky was in the prime of his creative powers. The writer Slutsky recalls the last months of the poet’s life: “He once told me that he was in a state of special uplift, when everything he started was completed and when new big plans surrounded him on all sides.” And, as if revealing the secret of this amazing creative upsurge, N. Zabolotsky wrote a poem that appeared in print shortly after his death and sounded like the artist’s confession and testament - "Don't let your soul be lazy."(Reading by heart)
Poem "The Thunderstorm is Coming"
Thunderstorm is one of the most impressive natural phenomena. It has long been of interest to many poets and artists. Artists addressed this topic, and poets also wrote about it: Tyutchev, Fet, Nekrasov. Zabolotsky also has poems about this formidable phenomenon: “Thunderstorm”, “Drought”. And one of them is called “The storm is coming.” Let's read it:
A frowning cloud is moving,
Covering half the sky in the distance,
Moving, huge and viscous,
With a lantern in a raised hand.
How many times has she caught me?
How many times, sparkling with silver,
Broken lightning struck,
Stone thunder rolled out!
How many times, having seen her in the field,
I slowed down my timid steps
And stood, merging involuntarily
With the white shine of a voltaic arc!
Here it is - a cedar tree near our balcony.
Split in two by thunder,
He stands and the dead crown
Supports the dark sky.
Through the living heart of wood
The wound from the fire lies,
Needles blackened from the top
They shower me with stars.
Sing me a song, tree of sorrows!
I, like you, burst into heights,
But only lightning greeted me
And they were burned with fire on the fly.
Why is it split in two,
I, like you, did not die at the porch,
And in my soul there is still the same fierce hunger,
And love and songs to the end!
What feelings did you experience when you read and listened to this poem?
The most contradictory: sadness, bitterness, anxiety, fear, pity - at the beginning. And at the end - hope, pride, admiration.
Why is the poem called “The Thunderstorm is Coming”?
Firstly, he already has a poem “Thunderstorm”. Secondly, apparently, for the poet the action itself is important, and not just the description.
What is the theme of the poem?
Description of the thunderstorm and the human condition.
What images do we highlight in the work?
Thunderstorm, cedar and “I” - the lyrical hero.
For this lesson you drew pictures for the poem. Tell us what exactly you depicted and what feelings you experienced when you painted them.
In the poem I see two worlds: the earthly world and the heavenly world. What do we classify as the heavenly world?
Sky, cloud, lightning...
What is this world like? (Write it down)
Severe: “a frowning cloud”, “huge and viscous”, “struck with lightning”, “stone thunder”.
What or who connects the heavenly world and the earthly world?
Cedar is a tree that clings to the ground with its roots and rests its “crown” on the sky.
What is cedar like? Let's write down the phrases:
“Split in two by thunder,” “He stands, and a dead crown props up the dark horizon,” etc.
Why is he being punished? For daring to rise so high that he wanted to be
maybe reach the sky.. Although he wears a “crown” (now “dead”), and the needles are compared to the stars, he belongs to the earth, just like a person.
And man is the earthly world. How is the person described? What feelings does he have? (Write down phrases)
He is also afraid of thunderstorms. “I slowed down my timid steps.” It seems to him that the cloud is pursuing him “with a lantern in his raised hand,” catching him, striking him with “broken lightning.”
Why is he suffering? Why is he being punished? Because he, like a cedar, “burst into the heights”, and he wanted to know the unattainable, to elevate himself, to rise to the sky.
How did the sky greet him there? “...he was only met by lightning and burned with fire on the fly.”
How did the person emerge from this trial, in contrast to the “tree of sorrow”?
Unlike the “tree of sorrow,” the man did not die, and this desire to rise to the heights of heaven did not extinguish in his soul, and his Love did not disappear, and he is going to sing songs to the end!
So it is with man: no matter how blows of fate may be, no matter how outwardly it may seem that he is broken, destroyed, his soul, his heart cannot be burned by lightning, nor intimidated by thunder.
So we found out what
the main idea of the poem.
How can you connect this work with the biography of the poet? When could it have been written?
After the camps. Nothing broke N. Zabolotsky, he is still ready to fight the blows of fate.
- Let's talk about the language and stanza of the poem. How beautiful and sonorous, how metaphorical and expressive his language is! What figurative and expressive means does Zabolotsky use when describing, for example, clouds, cedar?
Personifications
:
cloud “frowning”, “with a lantern in a raised hand”...
Metaphors
:
“tree of sorrow”, “living heart of wood”...
Epithets
:
“huge and viscous” (cloud), “stone” (thunder)…
What stylistic devices does the author use?
Anaphora : “How many times...” - we feel the hero’s horror growing before a terrible thunderstorm.
Antithesis: “white shine” - “dark horizon”, “living - “dead”, “blackened needles” - “showered with stars”.
Philosophical thoughts are conveyed through the rhythm of the poem. Let's write down the first line:
A frowning cloud is moving...
(_ _) (_ _) (_ _) (_ _) (_ _)
Let's determine the size.
Trochees with pyrrhichiae.
In the first stanza, each line has only three stressed syllables - 3 stressed feet, 2 unstressed. Let's write down the 1st line of the second stanza:
How many times has she caught me...
(_ _) (_ _) (_ _) (_ _) (_ _)
It is not for nothing that the poet chose the alternation of high-impact and rare-impact feet. In the first stanza the movement is slow, in the second it is accelerated. Like a person’s heartbeat – sometimes fast, sometimes slow. By the way, this is evidenced by the alternation of male and female rhymes:
A frowning cloud is moving (female)
Covering half the sky in the distance. (male)
This gives the poem solemnity. It is expressed through rhetorical appeals and punctuation marks. We can say that Zabolotsky's poem is philosophical and solemn.
Conclusions: No matter what cataclysms occur in life, a real person will find the strength to resist them. A person should not lose confidence in the future, he should believe in himself, in his talent. He must keep “in his soul the same fierce hunger, and love, and songs to the end!”
Zabolotsky is one of the few poets whose words did not diverge from his deeds. And he is right when he says: “We must conquer life! We must fight for ourselves. How many failures are still ahead, how many disappointments and doubts! But if at such moments a person hesitates, his song is finished. Faith and perseverance. Work and honesty." Take these words too, make them the motto of your future life, your life credo.
Stages of life and creativity.
1.Early childhood years. Kazan. 1903 – 1910.
2. Sernur primary school, Urzhum district. 1910 – 1914.
3. Urzhum real school. 1914 – 1921.
4.Petrograd Pedagogical Institute named after Herzen. 1921 – 1925.
5.1927 “Unification of real art” (Oberiu).
6.1929. Collection of poems "Columns".
7. Arrest and camp. 1938 – 1946.
8. Creative upsurge in 1946 – 1948.
9. Difficult period in life. 1949 - 1952.
10.Flourishing of creative powers. 1953 – 1958.
Student report “Biography of N. Zabolotsky”
Born on April 24 (May 7, n.s.) near Kazan in the family of an agronomist. My childhood years were spent in the village of Sernur, Vyatka province, not far from the city of Urzhum. After graduating from a real school in Urzhum in 1920, he went to Moscow to continue his education.
Enters Moscow University into two faculties at once - philological and medical. The literary and theatrical life of Moscow captured Zabolotsky: performances by Mayakovsky, Yesenin, futurists, and imagists. Having started writing poetry in school, he now became interested in imitating either Blok or Yesenin.
In 1921 he moved to Leningrad and entered the Pedagogical Institute. Herzen, joined the literary circle, but still “did not find my own voice.” In 1925 he graduated from the institute.
During these years, he became close to a group of young poets who called themselves "Oberiuts" ("Union of Real Art"). They were rarely and little published, but they often performed readings of their poems. Participation in this group helped the poet find his path. In 1926 - 1927 he served in the army. Upon completion of his service, he received a position in the children's book department of OGIZ, and actively collaborated in children's literature and in the children's magazines "Hedgehog" and "Chizh". His children's books in verse and prose, “Snake's Milk,” “Rubber Heads,” etc., were published. In 1929, a collection of poems, “Columns,” was published, and in 1937, “The Second Book.”
In 1938 he was illegally repressed and sentenced to 5 years of camp imprisonment, then from 1944 to 1946 he served exile, working as a builder in the Far East, in the Altai Territory and Karaganda. In 1946 he returned to Moscow. In the 1930s and 40s they wrote: “Metamorphoses”, “Forest Lake”, “Morning”, “I am not looking for harmony in nature”, etc.
Over the last decade, he has worked a lot on translations of Georgian classical and contemporary poets and visited Georgia.
In the 1950s, Zabolotsky’s poems such as “The Ugly Girl,” “The Old Actress,” “The Confrontation of Mars,” etc., made his name known to a wide readership. He spent the last two years of his life in Tarusa-on-Oka. He was seriously ill and suffered a heart attack. Many lyrical poems were written here, including the poem "Rubruk in Mongolia". In 1957 he visited Italy.
N.A. had a unique ability to speak about great things in simple words. Zabolotsky. The relationship between man and nature, internal and external beauty, love - this is just a small list of topics that the poet reveals in his works. I am most interested in poems dedicated to creativity, telling about how masterpieces are born. The poet, as it were, lets readers into his workshop.
In the poem “Reading Poems,” both the master poet and the reader appear before us at the same time. ON THE. Zabolotsky has a unique
The ability to take the place of another: a child, an old actress, a blind person. He is a master of disguise, and everywhere he is sincere and convincing, “a verse that is almost unlike a verse...”.
“Curious, funny and subtle,” begins N.A. Zabolotsky to reveal the theme of creativity. This is like a prelude to a conversation about something big and important, and gradually a portrait of a real master appears before us, who understands “the muttering of a cricket and a child,” can translate “human dreams” into words and
Eternally believes in the life-giving one,
The Russian language is full of intelligence.
His hero helps to understand the purpose of real, genuine art. ON THE. Zabolotsky
He clearly distinguishes between true poetry and “the nonsense of crumpled speech.” Recognizing the latter’s “well-known sophistication,” the author asks rhetorical questions:
But is it possible for human dreams
Sacrifice these amusements?
And is it possible to have a Russian word?
Turn the goldfinch into a chirp,
To make sense a living basis
Couldn't it sound through it?
The answers are clear, and yet the poet once again emphasizes in the next stanza that “poetry puts barriers ...”, it is intended
Not for those who, playing charades,
Puts on a sorcerer's cap.
The idea of the significance of the Russian word is very important, because it is the “living basis” of creativity. The poet draws attention to a person’s responsibility for what is said and written, this is especially necessary for those who have made the word their profession. It is valuable when it becomes not just material, but real poetry. In the last stanza exalted
The Russian language is full of intelligence.
Only a person who “lives real life” is capable of comprehending the “mind of language.”
The word “real” seems to me to be the main thing in this poem, although it appears only once. But it is replaced by contextual synonyms: perfection, “living foundation”. Poetry is also real if it reflects “human dreams” and is not fun.
Metaphors that create images of living nature (“the muttering of a cricket and a child”) and the creative process (“the nonsense of speech,” “the mind of language”) are of great importance in this poem. Thanks to personifications in the work, poetry comes to life: “puts barriers to our inventions,” recognizes true connoisseurs and those who put on the “sorcerer’s cap.”
The syntactic structure of the poem is quite interesting. The presence of rhetorical questions, as well as an exclamatory word-sentence, indicates a change in the emotional background in it: from a calm narrative to reflection and, finally, a sensual explosion. It is interesting that, being a negation, “no” in this case affirms the thought expressed in rhetorical questions.
ON THE. Zabolotsky does not experiment with form: a classic quatrain with an alternating method of rhyming, a three-syllable anapest - all this makes the poem easy to read and understand.
The theme of creativity is not new in literature: the great A.S. Pushkin, and the controversial V.V. Mayakovsky touched on it more than once. ON THE. Zabolotsky is no exception; he gave this theme a new sound, introducing exceptional motifs peculiar only to him. The poet combined classics and modernity; it is not for nothing that the poem, written in 1948, is partly consonant with the lyrical miniature “Russian Language” by I.S. Turgenev, created at the end of the nineteenth century. A feeling of pride arises after reading such works.
May 7 this year marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of N.A. Zabolotsky. His poems and especially poems are sometimes difficult to understand. But in the days of environmental disasters, mental confusion, loss of moral guidelines, there is probably no author in Russian poetry more necessary for us than Zabolotsky, with his sense of nature, teacher’s pathos, and desire for a global understanding of the world.
N.ZABOLOTSKY
Thought – Image – Music
The heart of poetry is its content. The content of poetry depends on what the author has in his soul, on his poetic attitude and worldview. As an artist, the poet is obliged to remove their usual everyday masks from things and phenomena, to show the virginity of the world, its meaning, full of secrets. Habitual combinations of words, mechanical formulas of poetry, rhetoric and mentoring do a disservice to poetry. Anyone who sees things and phenomena in their living image will find living, unusual combinations of words.
All words are good, and almost all of them are suitable for a poet. Each individual word is not a word of art. A word receives its artistic appearance only in a certain combination with other words. What are these combinations?
These are, first of all, combinations of meanings. The meanings of words form marriages and weddings. Merging together, the meanings of words transform each other and give rise to modifications of meaning. Atoms of new meanings form giant molecules, which, in turn, form an artistic image. Combinations of images are controlled by poetic thought.
Just as the microscopic body of a chromosome predetermines the character of the future organism, the primary combinations of meanings determine the general appearance and meaning of a work of art. Which way does the poet go - from the particular to the general or from the general to the particular? I think that none of these paths are suitable, because naked rationality is not capable of poetic feats. Neither the analytical nor the synthetic paths separately are suitable for the poet. The poet works with his whole being, unconsciously combining both of these methods.
But the meaning of a word is not the whole word. The word has a sound. Sound is the second integral property of a word. The sound of each individual word has no artistic meaning. Artistic sound also appears only in combinations of words. Combinations that are difficult to pronounce, where words rub against each other, interfere with each other, are pushed and stepped on, are of little use for poetry. Words must embrace and caress each other, form living garlands and round dances, they must sing, trumpet and cry, they must call to each other, like lovers in the forest, wink at each other, give secret signs, make dates and duels. I don’t know if it’s possible to learn this combination of words. Usually a poet gets them by themselves, and partly the poet begins to notice them only after the poem is written.
The poet works with his whole being at the same time: mind, heart, soul, muscles. He works with the whole organism, and the more coordinated this work is, the higher its quality will be. In order for thought to triumph, he embodies it in images. For a language to work, it extracts all its musical power from it. Thought - Image - Music - this is the ideal trinity that the poet strives for.
SPRING IN THE FOREST
Every day on the slope I In every little plant, Having examined these cones, He studies carefully And in the depths of the mysterious forests, |
Like an ancient idol, Maddened by sin, It rumbles beyond the village And the offal sways. And on the hummocks under the aspen trees, Pressing paws to paws, And over songs, over dances And probably leans over |
