Sentences in different tenses in English. Exclamatory sentences in English Sentence diagram #2
The main difficulty of the English language for beginners is tenses. There are only 12 tenses in the English language, but due to the specifics of some tenses, confusion occurs. In this article I will tell you in detail about the tenses of the English language with an example of use.
From the article you will learn:
English tenses with examples and translation into Russian
In English, there are traditionally 12 tenses. English tenses are divided into 3 groups:
- Simple (Indefinite),
- Continuous (Progressive),
- Perfect.
They, in turn, in combination with the basic tense forms Present, Past and Future, form the corresponding tenses. Let's start with the group Indefinite.
Present Simple (Presen Indefinite) - Present Simple
How is it formed:
I form of the verb. This form is used in all persons and numbers, except for the third person singular: then the endings – s, -es – are added.
When to use:
1. The action occurs with a certain frequency. Used with such adverbs as always (always), rarely (rarely), often (often), usually (usually), never (ever), etc., in addition, with the word every (every day, every month, every year etc.)
She never listens to me.- She never listens to me.
I always go abroad in summer.— In the summer I always go abroad.
He goes to the theater every weekend.— He goes to the theater every weekend.
2. The effect is scientifically proven.
Water boils at 100 degrees.— Water boils at 100 degrees.
3. The sequence of actions is described.
I get up, wash my hands and face, have breakfast etc.— I get up, wash, have breakfast, etc.
Present Continuous - Present Continuous
It should be noted that some English present tenses can indicate the future.
How is it formed:
verb to be + I form of the verb + ing ending.
When used: 1. the action is happening at the moment.
I am watching TV now.— I'm watching TV now.
2. the action will take place in the near future, which is planned (!).
I am flying to New York next month.— Next month I'm flying to New York.
Present Perfect - Present Perfect
The peculiarity is that the English tenses of the Perfect group can denote the past, although they are called present.
Formation: have / has + III form of the verb.
When to use the present perfect tense:
1. the action happened today, this year, this week, etc., i.e. the period has not yet ended.
Has not written 10 books and he is just twenty!- He wrote 10 books, and he’s only twenty! (life goes on)
We have met this month.— We saw each other this month (the month has not ended)
He has met me today.- Today he met me.
2. with adverbs yet (yet), just (only), recently (recently), ever (always), never (never), already (already), etc.
I have just found out about this.- I just found out about this.
I've never been to England.— I've never been to England.
She has already done this work.- She has already done this work.
3. Action in the past affects the present state
We have gone to the forest and now he has a cold.— We went to the forest, and he caught a cold.
Past Simple - Past Simple
How is the past simple tense formed:
II form of the verb, i.e. verb + ending –ed (regular verbs), or II form of an irregular verb.
When to use:
1. The presence of a time marker yesterday (yesterday), last (past, last) or other.
He visited doctor last week.— Last week he visited the doctor.
I met him when I studied at the University.— I met him when I was at university.
2. The action happened in the past without any conditions.
I knew you would come.- I knew you would come.
3. Sequence of actions.
He took the taxi, asked to stop at the Time Square, looked through the window etc.— He took a taxi, asked to stop at Time Square, looked out the window, etc.
Past Continuous - Past Continuous
How to form the past continuous tense:
Verb to be in 2nd form + verb+ ing ending.
When to use:
1. The process lasted for a long time without interruption.
For example.
He was playing the piano the whole evening.— He played the piano all evening.
2. The process was interrupted by another action.
They came in when she was speaking by the phone.— They came in while she was talking on the phone.
Past Perfect - Past Perfect
How is it formed:
2nd form of the verb have + 3rd form of the verb.
When to use:
1. When agreeing on times.
He said that he had not noticed you.- He said he didn't notice you.
2. One action happened before the other.
Example: He had left before I could figure out something.“He left before I could understand anything.”
3. There is a temporary excuse by.
He had made his decision by summer.— By the summer he made a decision.
Future Simple - Future Simple
How is it formed:
Shall (used only with 1st person) will+I form of the verb.
When to use:
The action will take place in the future. Used with time markers tomorrow, next, or a deadline is indicated.
I will call you tomorrow.- I'll call you tomorrow.
He will visit us in 3 weeks.— He will visit us in 3 weeks.
Future Continuous - Future Continuous
How it is formed.
Auxiliary verb will/shall+be+1 verb form+ing
When used. The process continues into the future.
She will be dancing the whole day tomorrow.- Tomorrow she will dance all day.
Present Perfect Continuous - Present Perfect Continuous
How is it formed:
Have/has + been + verb+ing
When to use:
1. The action lasts from a moment in the past to a moment in the present (translated by the present)
I have been waiting for this moment all my life.“I’ve been waiting for this moment all my life.”
2. with the preposition since (s).
Their family has been owning this castle since 17th century.— Their family has owned this castle since the 17th century.
Past Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
How is it formed:
Had + been + verb+ing
When to use:
One action is interrupted by another or is its cause.
I had been working hard the whole year, so I was exhausted. “I worked hard all year and was just exhausted.
Future Perfect Continuous - Future Perfect Continuous
English tenses such as Future Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous are used extremely rarely.
How is it formed:
Will/shall + have + been + verb+ ing
When to use:
The period of past and future is affected, the preposition of time by.
For example: I will have been working in this company for 10 years by 1st May.— By May 1, it will be 10 years that I have been working in this company.
Thus, we looked at 10 tenses of the English language (all based on 3 main ones).
I. Translate the sentences into English using The Present Indefinite or The Present Continuous Tense. 1. My friend lives in this city. 2. Onwho are you watching now? - I'm looking at this girl. 3. Do you often visit your friends? 4. What are you writing? – We are writing the words of lesson 7. 5. During the lesson, our teacher usually stands at the table. 6. These students are learning new words now. 7. Do they usually go home together? 8. Where are you going? - I'm going home. II. Translate the sentences into English, paying attention to the use of tenses. 1. In the morning Anna called me. 2. I already know her. She's a good person. 3. Why didn’t you bring me these magazines? - Forgive me, but my brother is reading them now. 4. What time did you have dinner today? - At 8 o'clock in the evening. 5. I have never been to this park. Let's go there. 6.When are you going to visit your parents? - I visited them this week. 7. Have you repeated the grammar rules of the 8th lesson? - Yes, and I’m going to- learn the words of this lesson
Help please I. Translate the sentences into English. 1. Who takes care of you when you are sick? 2. How muchstudents took part in sports competitions? 3. We will discuss this problem tomorrow. 4. She doesn't read a book, but watches TV. 5. It rained last Sunday, didn’t it? 6. They won't work all day (the whole day). 7. I have seen this film several times. 8. We completed our task by Wednesday. 9. I won't read the book by the end of the week.
II. Translate the sentences into Russian, underline the predicate, determine the tense and voice.
1. Along with a strong faith in education has also gone away significant distrust. 2. The increasing exploitation of land is expressed in the loss of precious natural areas.
You are going on a business trip to Edinburgh. Send a fax (business letter structure) to Blake & Co, Mr. Henry Smith at 10 Garden St.; notify him of your arrival (date, train (or plane) number, time of arrival) and ask to be met.
Translate the sentences into English.1. No one was home when I returned. 2. Nobody knew their addresses. 3. He didn’t write anything to me about this. 4. Nobody lives here. 5. Nobody told me anything. 6. He didn't see anything. 7. Now I don’t have time to write a letter. 8. She doesn't understand anything. 9. I don't see him anywhere. 10. Last year he had no books in English.
food production technologist. I have 35 people in my group. My favorite subject is English because the teacher is very cool and you can have fun. GUYS WRITE CORRECTLY IN ENGLISH!
“It’s great that we are all here today!”, “What a wonderful day!” - in Russian we easily construct similar sentences to express surprise, joy and other strong feelings. But is there something similar in English? How to convey your emotions there?
Today we will talk about exclamatory sentences and how they are built in English.
So, In spoken language, we often convey our mood using tone. For writing there is an exclamation mark - "!".
It is he who makes it clear that the proposal carries a certain emotional charge. We often use exclamatory sentences to give vent to what is, as they say, boiling. With their help, we express surprise, shock, joy and other strong feelings.
What a big skyscraper!
What the hell!
Well, you're smart!
How is this effect achieved? Firstly, we add certain words (“what”, “what the”, “well and” and others), secondly, we change the order of words: for example, we say “Well, you’re smart!” not “Well, you’re smart!”
How are things going in English?
In English, similar sentences also exist. And, just like in Russian, “emotionality” in them arises thanks to:
- Additional words
What - what?
How - how? - Changing word order
Let's look at several types of exclamatory sentences in English.
1. Exclamations with “What..!” ("Which..!")
1. Sentence diagram #1:
What + noun(a word denoting an object, phenomenon, etc.)
There is nothing complicated here: we just put item after what.
What an interesting story!
Which interesting story!
What a large room!
Which big room!
2. Scheme of proposal #2
What + verb(word denoting action)
We can also add an action to our subject. The action is placed after the subject:
What an interesting story you"ve told !
Which you told an interesting story!
What a large room he lives in!
IN Which he lives in a big room!
2. "Isn't it true?"
Sometimes we are so overwhelmed with emotions that we expect our interlocutor to share them. Let's say we make some observation, for example:
What a bright moon!
Ellen is resourceful, she can handle it.
The weather was warm.
My new bike will be cool.
When we expect that the interlocutor will most likely agree with us, we add to this phrase words like “after all,” “truth,” “isn’t it true,” “tell”:
What a bright moon, isn't it?
Ellen is resourceful, she can handle it.
Was the weather really warm?
Tell me my new bike will be cool!
In English, all these words come down to one single construction, which is connected as a “tail” at the end of the sentence. We take the main auxiliary verb indicating time (is/was/will be) and negate it:
The moon is bright.
The moon is bright.
The moon is bright, isn't"t?
The moon is bright not true whether?
The weather was warm.
The weather was warm.
The weather was warm, wasn't"t it?
Is it true, was the weather warm?
My new bike will be cool.
My new bike will be cool.
My new bike will be cool, won"t it?
Tell, will my new bike be cool?
If we had sentences with action, then we will have to “pull out” this verb, depending on what time it was.
If it’s real, then we take it out do.
The kids clean their teeth every day.
Children brush their teeth every day.
The kids clean their teeth every day, don't they?
Children brush their teeth every day that's right?
If it’s past, we pull it out. did.
She sent you the report.
She sent you a report.
She sent you the report, didn't she?
She after all sent you the report?
If the future is will.
Helen is resourceful, she will manage.
Helen is resourceful, she can handle it.
Helen is resourceful, she will manage, won't she?
Helen is resourceful, she after all will handle it Truth?
Such a “tail” is good to attach to exclamations with what:
What a bright moon, isn't it?
Which bright moon, isn't it true?
What a cool bike it will be, won't it?
Which it will be a cool bike Yes?
What a detailed report she sent, didn't she?
Which she sent a detailed report, Truth?
Read more about such issues in our article.
3. Exclamations with "How..!" (“How..!”, “What..!”)
Unlike what, how attaches only adjectives (that is, words denoting characteristics).
How interesting!
To what Interesting!
How nice of you!
How nice of you!
However, we can make such exclamations a little more complicated. To do this, we need a structure that allows us to evaluate the action. For example:
It's good to have a car.
In English this is expressed using the construction:
It is + adjective + to + verb
Examples:
It is good to have a car.
It's good to have a car.
It is dangerous to climb a mountain without training.
Climbing a mountain without preparation is dangerous.
It was interesting to look into a real telescope.
It was interesting to look through a real telescope.
It was nice of you to bring me a donut.
It was nice of you to bring me a donut.
If we want to imbue these phrases with emotion using "How", then the order should be as follows:
How + it is/was/will be + to + action
Examples:
How interesting it was to look into a real telescope!
How interesting it was to look through a real telescope!
How nice of you it was to bring me a donut!
How nice of you to bring me a donut!
So we have looked at the main types of exclamations in the English language. Use them, and your speech will become livelier and more varied! :)
Unlike what, how only adjectives (i.e., words denoting characteristics) are attached to themselves.
Reinforcement task
Here are neutral phrases in English. Make them exclamation points!
1. It is a high price for such a small flat.
2. It is impolite.
3. We were happy after our victory.
4. I met a strange man today.
5. He gave me good advice.
6. So, Tom is late again. It's unsurprising.
7. This present is wonderful.
8. It will be great to live on Manhattan.
There are as many as 12 main tense forms in the English language. Despite the fact that some of them are translated identically into Russian, in English each tense corresponds to a specific situation, and therefore they cannot be confused. Let's take a quick look at each of them and look at sentences in different tenses in English.
In total, there are 4 groups of tenses in the language:
Since each of the groups can show that the action takes place in the past, present and future, you have the opportunity to express your thoughts using one of 12 options. This “opportunity” will probably not seem very tempting to some. After all, in order to understand everything times it takes time. However, this is not at all a reason to become despondent and go for valerian. Believe me, there is nothing difficult about these times and, with proper practice, you will master them quickly enough. But first, let's look at why English speakers need so many tenses and how they construct sentences with them?
Sentences in Simple tense:
| Simple | Education | Expresses |
| Present | Infinitive without the particle to for everyone persons, except 3 persons per unit. h. Formula for 3 persons units. numbers: V + s (es) For negation, use the auxiliary verb do / does (for the 3rd person) with the negative particle not: do(es) + not (don’t / doesn’t) The question begins with the auxiliary verbs do / does |
|
| Past | Regular verbs - with the help of the ending ed, irregular - independently. did + not (didn’t) |
|
| Future | will + not (won't) |
|
Examples of sentences from the Simple group:
| Present | I like reading books. | I love reading books. |
| She doesn't live in Italy. | She doesn't live in Italy. | |
| Do you know our principles? | Do you know our principles? | |
| Past | He went to the club yesterday. | Yesterday he went to the club. |
| I didn't want to take part in it. | I didn't want to take part in this. | |
| Did you buy a loaf of bread? | Did you buy a loaf of bread? | |
| Future | We will make a huge contribution to art. | We will make a huge contribution to art. |
| I won't come to school tomorrow. | I won't come to school tomorrow. | |
| Will Steve propose to her? | Will Steve propose to her? |
Sentences in Continuous tense:
| Continuous | Education | Expresses |
| Present | to be has 3 forms: You / they / we – are He / she / it – is to be in the right shape |
|
| Past | to be (in the past) + V-ing to be has 2 forms: I / he / she / it – was You / they / we - were was + not (wasn’t) were + not (weren’t) |
|
| Future | will + be + V-ing will + not (won’t) + be + V-ing |
|
Examples of sentences from the Continuous group:
| Present | I am creating a new app. | I'm creating a new application. |
| She isn't working now. | It's not working now. | |
| Are they studying at the moment? | Are they studying at the moment? | |
| Past | He was checking, while I was writing. | He checked while I was writing. |
| The pool wasn’t operating at the time we came there. | The pool was not open at the time we got there. | |
| Wasn’t she sleeping when you called? | Wasn't she asleep when you called? | |
| Future | This time tomorrow I’ll be spending time with my friends. | At this time tomorrow I will be spending time with friends. |
| He won’t be taking the course in a month. | He won't take the course in a month. | |
| Will he be performing tomorrow at 4? | Will he perform tomorrow at 4? |
Sentences in perfect time:
| Perfect | Education | Expresses |
| Present | has – for 3rd person singular have + not (haven’t) has + not (hasn’t) |
|
| Past | had + not (hadn't) |
|
| Future | will + have + V3 will + not (won’t) + have + V3 |
|
Examples of sentences from the Perfect group:
| Present | We have lost the keys. | We've lost our keys. |
| The task hasn’t been finished. | The task was not completed. | |
| Have you been to Milan? | Have you been to Milan? | |
| Past | I had cooked the pie by 1 p.m. | I had the pie ready by 1pm. |
| I came to see her, but she had not come back yet. | I came to her, but she has not returned yet. | |
| Had they drawn by then? | Did they finish the drawing by then? | |
| Future | We will have built the house by winter. | We will build a house for winter. |
| I’m sure he won’t have earned enough money by June. | I'm sure he won't make enough money by June. | |
| Will you have translated the text at 7 oclock? | Will you translate the text by 7 o'clock? |
Sentences in Perfect Continuous tense:
| Perfect Continuous | ABOUT b development | Expresses |
| Present | have (has) + been + V-ing has – for 3rd person singular have + not (haven’t) + been has + not (hasn’t) + been have (has) … been |
|
| Past | had + been + V-ing had + not (hadn’t) + been |
|
| Future | will + have + been + V-ing will + not (won’t) + have + been + V-ing will...have been |
|
Examples of sentences from the Perfect Continuous group:
| Present | He has been learning Esperanto for 4 months. | He has been studying Esperanto for 4 months. |
| We haven’t been waiting for you for a long time. | We didn't wait long for you. | |
| How long have you been living there? | How long have you lived there? | |
| Past | She decided to have a rest after she had been focusing on the project for 3 hours | She decided to take a break after being focused on a project for 3 hours. |
| I had not been talking to him even for 5 minutes when I became irritated. | Not even 5 minutes of our conversation had passed before he began to irritate me. | |
| Had Jim been watching this cartoon for an hour by the time you came? | Had Jim already been watching the cartoon for an hour by the time you arrived? | |
| Future | By 2020 we won’t have been living in the USA long enough to apply for citizenship. | By 2020, we will not have lived in the US long enough to apply for citizenship. |
| We won’t have been working in the company for 2 years next month. | By next month we will not have worked for the company for 2 years. | |
| For how many months will they have been living together by that time? | How many months will they have lived together by then? |
These were all times of English with examples. As you can see, sentences in different tenses in English are built based on rules that are quite easy to remember. It is more important to understand one thing - in what cases this or that tense is used. To practice and reinforce the material, you can make sentences based on the examples above and visit this page from time to time to review the information.
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