French subjunctive mood. Subjunctif - subjunctive mood

Subjonctif expresses the speaker's personal attitude towards what was said. Le subjonctif expresses desire, uncertainty, assumption, etc. Most often this mood is used in subordinate clause.

Il est mécontent que vous nous quittiez si vite. - He is unhappy that you are leaving us so quickly.

In modern colloquial French Two tenses of this mood are used - Subjonctif present And Subjonctif passé.

Using Subjonctif

Subjonctif is used usually in a subordinate clause, less often in an independent clause.

Subjonctif in an independent clause

expresses:

1. Order, prohibition - Qu'elle chante! — Let her sing! Que je ne vous entende plus! — So that I don't hear you anymore!
2. Concession , condition - Qu'ils fassent ce qu'ils veulent. — Let them do what they want.

Subjonctif in a subordinate clause

Used in the following types of subordinate clauses:

1. additional;
2. relative;
3. circumstances.

Subjonctif in additional clauses

The use of subjonctif in sentences of this type depends on the verb of the main clause. Subjonctif is used:

1) after verbs expressing desire - vouloir, désirer, préférer, aimer mieux, souhaiter, avoir envie, avoir besoin, insister, attendre, souffrir, supporter, détester, etc.;

2) after verbs expressing doubt, uncertainty - douter, ignorer, nier, contester, démentir, etc.;

3) after the expressions être sûr, être certain, être persuadé, être convaincu, etc., used in interrogative and negative forms;

4) after the verbs croire, penser, affirmer, prétendre, trouver, se souvenir, etc., used in interrogative and negative forms;

Subjonctif in relative clauses

used in the following cases:

1) if the relative clause expresses a possibility, wish, intention. Je cherche un interprète qui sache le français. ( I'm looking for a translator who knows French.)

If a fact is presented as real, the indicative mood is used. Je cherche un interprète qui sait le français. ( I'm looking for a translator who knows French.)

2) after the main clause in a negative or interrogative form, if the antecedent of the relative pronoun is indefinite noun, denoting an object whose existence is not asserted:

Antecedent: indefinite article + noun

aucun (none) + noun

personne (nobody)

rien (nothing)

quelqu'un (someone)

Avez-vous un livre qui Puisse m'être utile pour le travail pratique? (Do you have a book that would be useful for me to practice?)- in this sentence before relative pronoun qui there is an antecedent with indefinite article un livre.

3) if the main clause contains an adjective in superlatives or expressions le seul(the only one) , unique(the only one) , le premier(first) ,le dernier(last) .

Vous etes l'unique personne qui puisse m'aider. (You are the only person who can help me.)

If the fact is presented as real, then the indicative mood is used in the subordinate clause: Il est le seul qui est venu nous voir hier. ( He is the only one who came to us yesterday.)

Subjonctif in adverbial clauses

used after certain conjunctions and allied expressions:

sans que, quoi que, qui que, quel que, quoique, bien que, de peur que, pour que, afin que, à condition que, pourvu que, à moins que, etc.

To better understand the Subjunctive Mood (Le Subjonctif), it is necessary to understand the logic of the use of verbs in this mood. Compare two sentences, paying attention to the highlighted verbs:

1. You translate phrase in French.
2. I want you translated phrase in French.

In what tense is the highlighted verb used in the second sentence? The answer can be found at the end of the article.

Understanding the “logic” of using this mood depends on the ability see the difference between the two moods:

1. Indicative mood ( L"Indicatif) we use when we report the fact;
2. Subjunctive mood ( Le Subjonctif) we use when we give an assessment, express concerns, doubts, etc.

Using Subjonctif

Subjonctif is used after some verbs and constructions , i.e. All you need to do is learn to “catch” verbs expressing:

• emotions: (dis)satisfaction, judgment, surprise, fear, need...;
• order, wish, permission/prohibition;
• possibility, probability.

Let's remember impersonal phrases, after which we will have to use subjonctif:

• il faut que(need to...),
• il est important que(it's important that...),
• il est etrange que(strange that...),
• il est dommage que / c"est dommage que(sorry that...),
• il est temps que(it's time...) and a number of others

Some conjunctions require the use of subjonctif.

• bien que, quoi que, a moins que + ne
• expressing the goal: pour que, afin que, de façon que, de maniere que, de sorte que
• expressing time: avant-que (+ ne facultatif), jusqu"à ce que, en attendant que
• expressing fear: de peur que + ne, de crante que + ne
• expressing the condition: à condition que,pourvu que, à supposer que

Education Subjonctif Present

Education Subjonctif Présent of verbs of the first and second groups is not difficult, as it obeys general rule: taken third party basis plural verb in present tense and endings are added. Verbs of the third group, firstly, are not conjugated in the present tense according to the general rule, and, secondly, some of them may have different stems in the Subjonctif.

In practice, from conjugation in present verbs will differ only in the first and second person plural (highlighted in color).

Examples of conjugation in Subjonctif présent of verbs of groups I and II

chanter	finir
que je chant e	que je fini sse
que tu chant es	que tu fini sses
qu"il chant e	qu"il fini sse
que nous chant ions	que nous finiss ions
que vous chant iez	que vous finiss iez
qu"ils chant ent	qu"ils finiss ent

Special conjugation forms

Verbs of the third group can have different stems when conjugated in Subjonctif Présent. Those. you must be able to conjugate verbs of the third group in the present tense and have a good memory. Some verbs have two stems for Subjonctif ( prendre(que je prenn e, que nous pren ions)).

Subjonctif Présent of common verbs of the third group

être(soi)	faire(fass)	prendre(prenn, pren)	devoir(doiv,dev)
que je sois	que je fasse	que je prenne	que je doive
que tu sois	que tu faces	que tu prennes	que tu doives
qu"il soit	qu"il fasse	qu"il prenne	qu"il doive
que nous soyons	que nous fassions	que nous prenions	que nous devions
que vous soyez	que vous fassiez	que vous preniez	que vous deviez
qu"ils soient	qu"ils fassent	qu"ils prennent	qu"ils doivent

(NB!) It is the stem, and not the endings, that you should pay attention to when learning the conjugation French verbs in Subjonctif.

Some verbs entered into set expressions and lost a particle que. At a demonstration we would shout: Vive la France! (Long live France!).

There are four tenses in Subjonctif, but mainly one is used - Subjonctif Présent.

Answer. About 80-90% of respondents answer that in the sentence “I want you translated phrase into French." the verb is used in the future tense. However, if you ask a question to the highlighted verb, then almost everyone understands that the verb is used in the past tense form. So we understand that it is very strange that in Russian we use the past tense form to express a wish, doubt, etc. In French, you will have to use special forms of verbs, which ProLingvo exercises will help you remember.

Remember also about the conditional mood () and try to formulate the difference from the subjunctive.

Subjonctif

used in subordinate clauses,

introduced by the union

que

1. if the verb of the main clause

expresses

will ,

wish ,

request ,

order ,

ban

After verbs :

d é Sirer

want

souhaiter

want

ask

commander

order

ordonner

forbid

d é fendre

allow

permettre

After impersonal rpm :

need to

il est n é cessaire

necessary

Je veux que vous l ’ aidez .

I want you to help him.

Il d é sire qu ’ elle vienne le voir.

He wants her to visit him.

His father forbids him to go to the cinema .

Lep è re d é fendqu ’ il aille au cin é ma .

Need to , to You learned This rule .

Il faut que tu apprennes cette règle.

Sometimes a wish or an order

can be expressed using

verbs

é crire

subordinate clause

translated into Russian by union

to

If these verbs do not express

orders, used Indicatif

translated by the conjunction

Dis-lui qu'il lise plus haut!

Tell him to he read louder.

Dis-lui qu'il lit trop haut.

Tell him What he reads too

loud.

Subjonctif is formed from the stem

3rd person plural h. Indicatif

by adding endings pr é sent

V 1l, 2l, 3l units . numbers and in 3 l pl. numbers

endings imparfait in 1l and 2l plural. h.

je - e

nous – ions

tu – es

vous – iez

il (elle) – e

ils (elles) - ent

Il faut...

que nous lisions

que je lis e

que vous lis iez

que tulis es

qu'il lise

qu'ils lis ent

Mettez les verbes au subjonctif present

1. Protéger son ami

2. Reussir à l’examen!

3. Ecouter des chansons.

4. Partir à l’école.

5. Mettre des bottes.

6. Dire la verité.

7. Finir le travail.

8. Prendre les cahiers.

9. Remplir le carnet.

10. Lire ce livre.

Le subjonctif des verbes.

Aller-que j'aille - que nous allions - qu'ils aillent

Avoir- que j'aie - que nous ayons - qu'ils aient

Etre- que je sois - que nous soyons - qu’ils soient

Faire- que je fasse -que nous fassions - qu’ils fassent

Falloir (il faut)-qu'il faille

Pouvoir- que je puisse –

que nous puissions - qu’ils puissent

Savoir- que sache –

que nous sachions - qu'ils sachent

Vouloir-que je veuille –

que nous voulions -qu'ils veuillent

Boire - que je boive -que nous buvions –

qu'ils boivent

Devoir - que je doive -que nous devions –

qu'ils doivent

Ecrire - que j’écrive -que nous écrivions –

qu'ils écrivent

Prendre - que je prenne -que nous prenions –

qu'ils prennent

Recevoir - que je reçoive - que nous recevions –

qu'ils reçoivent

Tenir - que je tienne - que nous tenions –

qu'ils tiennent

Voir -que je voie -que nous voyions –

subjonctif .

1. I want to visit Paris.

3. You need to work well.

very interesting.

17. Let him come in!

Select the phrases to be used subjonctif .

1. I want to visit Paris.

2. Your mother is angry that you are inattentive.

3. You need to work well.

4. Everyone needs to work well.

5. His father forbids him to go to the cinema.

6. Tell him that he sings well.

7. He wants her to visit him.

8. I know that you will do well in your exams.

9. The film we watched yesterday

very interesting.

10. Write to him to come in the summer.

11. Perhaps we will visit this museum.

12. The teacher is angry that so many students did not complete their homework.

13. I think that you will be a good doctor.

14. He understands that in order to enter the university, you need to study well.

15. Do you believe that she is telling the truth?

16. I'm afraid that he won't cope with this job.

17. Let him come in!

18. I don't think he can do it.

Trouvez les phrases qui sont au subjonctif.

1. Ma soeur veut que je lui dise la verité.

2. Je sais que son père est en congé.

3. Il faut que nous chantions plus haut.

4. On souhaite que tu réussisses à l’examen.

5. Victor m'a dit que ce livre est très interior.

6. Je me fâche que Pierre regarde trop la télé.

7. Elle a peur que tu finisses tes cours tard?

8. Le film que nous avons vu hier est très ennuyeux.

9. Maman est étonnée que tu mettes ta robe sur la table.

10. Dites leur qu’ils reviennent plus vite.

SUBJONCTIF

1. Ma soeur veut que je lui (dire) la verité.

2. Il faut que nous (crier) plus haut.

3. On souhaite que tu (partir) très vite.

4. Le prof. n'est pas sûr que vous (copier) bien le devoir.

5. Je ne crois pas qu’elle (répondre) bien.

6. Tout le monde doute que nous (gagner).

7. Il est nécessaire que vous (lire) ce journal.

8. Es-tu content que notre classe (être) la meilleure?

9. Nous voulons que vous (voir) ce spectacle.

10. Il est nécessaire que je (savoir) cette règle.

11.Est-ce qu’elle a peur que tu (finir) tes cours tard?

13. Je me fâche que Pierre (regarder) la télé trop souvent.

14. Il est impossible qu’Olga (vouloir) partir.

15. Je crains que vous n’(arriver) pas.

16. Il faut qu’ils (prendre) leur petit déjeuner.

17. Elle désire que nous (entendre) cette musique.

18. Nous sommes très contents que vous (être) gais.

19. Le général ordonne aux soldats qu’ils (avoir)

un pistolet dans la poche.

20. Maman est étonnée que tu (mettre) ta robe sur

21. Les parents ont peur que leurs enfants (faire)

Subjonctif is used

2. If the main clause expresses

doubt,

uncertainty

a) after verbs

douter - doubt

ignorer - don't know

b) after impersonal turns

il ensemble - Seems

il est possible - Maybe

She doesn't know what they will come visit her.

Elle ignore qu'ils viennent la voir.

Maybe , We let's visit this museum.

It's possible que nous visits ce musee.

I I doubt , what are they will do Fine

this job.

Je doute qu'ils fassent bien ce travail.

c) after verbs

penser - think

V negative And interrogative form

(since in this case they express doubt):

I Not Think what's the matter will succeed .

Je ne pense pas que cette affaire réussisse .

You do you think(think) that she speaks

Croyez -vous qu'elle dise la vérité?

I think that's my uncle Maybe help you.

Je pence que mon oncle peut vous aider.

I Not Think that's my uncle Maybe help you.

Je ne pense pas que mon oncle puisse vous aider.

3. If the main clause expresses

any feeling

(surprise, joy, shame, indignation,

regret, fear)

after verbs:

craindre , avoir peur - afraid

s ’é tonner - be surprised

se f â cher - be angry

s ’ indigner - be indignant

ê tre heureux - be happy

Teacher surprised , that there are so many students

absent .

Le professeur est etonne que tant d'éleves

manquent .

Your mother angry that you are inattentive.

That's it se fâche que tu ne sois pas attenif.

After verbs to be afraid craindre , avoir peur

particle is used ne ,

which Not translated into Russian.

J'ai peur qu'il ne vienne .

I'm afraid that he will come .

I'm afraid that he Not will come .

J'ai peur qu'il ne vienne pas .

In addition to the indicative, conditional and imperative There is subjunctive mood.Subjunctive present expresses a subjective attitude, the speaker’s modality in relation to reality, his feelings, doubts, etc.

Subjonctif present in French expresses simultaneity or succession relative to the moment of speech, that is, it is used to express present and future tense.

Formation of Subjonctif present in French.

And so, before the pronoun or noun (subject) of the verb in Subjonctif Pr?sent preceded by que. To form this mood, the stem of the verb in the 3rd person plural is taken: Pr?sent de l’indicatif (Present tense in indicative mood) and the following endings are added:

je-e nous-ions
tu -es vous -iez
il, elle -e ils, elles -ent

For example, verb of group 1 - habiter(live)

que j'habite que nous habits
que tu habites que vous habitiez
qu'il habite qu'ils habitent

verb 2 groups - finir(end)

que je finisse que nous finissions
que tu finisses que vous finissiez
qu'il finisse qu'ils finissent

verb 3 groups - pouvoir(be able)
Has a specific basis

que je puisse que nous puissions
que tu puisses que vous puissiez
qu;il puisse qu’il puissent

There are special cases of education verbs in Subjonctif Pr?sent:

Aller - que j'aille, que tu ailles, qu'il aille, que nous allions, que vous alliez, qu'ils aillent
Avoir - que j'aie, que tu aies, qu'il ait, que nous ayons, que vous ayez, qu'il aient
?tre- que je sois, que tu sois, qu’il soit, que nous soyons, que vous soyez, qu’ils soient
Faire - que je fasse
Faloir - que il faille
Pleuvoir - qu'il pleuve
Pouvoir - que je puisse
Savoir - que je sache
Valoir - qu'il vaille, que nous valions
Vouloir -que je veuille, que nous voulions

Use of Subjonctif present in French.

Mainly used to express will, desire, order, prohibition, request, doubt, fear, uncertainty, surprise, regret.
For example, to express feelings:

joy - je suis de?u que
happiness - que je suis heureux

To express a request, order, wish, prohibition:
J'ordonne que
Il faut que
Je voudrais que
J'aimerais que
Il est interdit que

To express doubt or impossibility:

Je doute que
Je ne crois pas que
Je nes suis pas s?r que

And also in impersonal phrases and after words such as

bien que – although
pour que - to
a condition que – provided that
avant que – before
jusqu"? ce que – until
de fa?on que – in such a way that

Pronunciation of French words

As in most other languages, the number of syllables always corresponds, in oral speech, number of vowels.
In French not all vowels are pronounced: there are fewer pronounced syllables than there are syllables in writing.

barbu= 2 syllables barbe = 1 syllable

It differs from the pronunciation of words in other languages ​​and has its own characteristic features, without mastering which it will be difficult to learn to read and pronounce words correctly.

In a syllable, a vowel may not precede:

no consonant: Ah!
can also follow one consonant: Tu
or follow one consonant + one half-consonant: vieux, lui, Louis
or follow two consonants: plus, tr?s, psy
or follow two consonants, provided that the second is “L”, “R” + half-consonant (h, w): trois, pluie.

All syllables that end in a vowel are called “ open syllables" All syllables that can contain one final consonant or more are called “ closed syllables”:

art coule suite plaire croire
entre verte croitre spectrum

Pronunciation French words characterized by the fact that the stress in the vast majority of cases falls on the last syllable.
Monsieur bravo pa?lla

Stressed syllables are always longer than unstressed syllables. Stress denotes duration rather than intensity or force.
Orally French speech there is a tendency for words to be attached to each other in such a way that it is impossible to separate the words graphically.

The French language is characterized by a large number of syllables ending in a vowel (open syllables).
If in pronunciation a word ends with a vowel, and the next word begins with a vowel, a transition from one vowel to the second occurs without interrupting the voice.

This is called vowel joining (l'encha?nement vocalique).
L'associ? accept.

If, in pronunciation, a word ends with a consonant, and the next one begins with a vowel, then one syllable is formed with these two sounds. This is called consonant connection (l'encha?nement consonantique).
Le mur est mouill?.

Pronunciation of French words specific. In addition to these features, there is one more very important one.
In spoken French, many final consonants of words are silent (unpronounceable).

Some final consonants of words may in some cases be pronounced with the initial vowel of the following word. This is called a ligament (la liaison).
Ils arrive.

At first glance, the subjunctive mood or Subjonctif may seem strange to us, because in the Russian language this phenomenon is very rare. However, people learning French should know the formation of Subjonctif along with other verb inflections. This is because the subjunctive mood is often used in French speech.

Subjonctif expresses the speaker's personal attitude to what was said. This mood expresses desire, uncertainty, assumption, etc. Most often, the subjunctive mood is used in subordinate clauses.

• Notreoncle est mécontent que vous nousabandonniezsi vite. – Our uncle is unhappy that you are leaving (leaving) us so quickly.

The subjunctive mood has four forms, but in modern spoken French only two tenses of this mood are used - Subjonctif présent and Subjonctif passé . The remaining two - Subjonctif imparfait and Subjonctif plus-que-parfait are used in writing.

Let's use Subjonctif correctly!

Most often, Subjonctif is used in a subordinate clause, much less often - in an independent one.

Please note that Subjonctif in an independent clause expresses:

• Prohibition, order - Qu'ilparle! - Let him speak!Qu'il vienne! -LetHewill come! Quejenet'entendepas! - So that I don’t hear you anymore!
• Condition, concession - Qu'elles fassent ce qu'elles - Let them do what they want.

The most common verbs in the subjunctive mood

Subjonctif is used in the following types of subordinate clauses:

• additional;
• relative;
• circumstances.

Let's look at Subjonctif in additional clauses. The use of the subjunctive mood in sentences of this type depends on the verb of the main clause. Subjonctif is used:

After verbs that express desire:

• vouloir - to want
• desirer – to desire
• préférer – to prefer
• aimer mieux – to love, to prefer
• souhaiter – to wish
• avoir envie – to want
• avoir besoin – to need
• insister - insist
• attendre – wait
• souffrir – to suffer
• supporter - to carry
• detester - to hate

For example: Jeveuxquetuvienneschezmoi. - I want you to come to me.

After verbs that express doubt, uncertainty:

• Douter - to doubt
• Ignorer - to ignore, not to know
• Nier – to deny
• Contester - to challenge
• Dementir - to refute

For example: Ildoutequ'ilsubitsonexamen. “He doubts he will pass his exam.”

After verbs and expressions that convey a subjective assessment:

• il est temps – it’s time
• il importe – important
• il est dommage - sorry
• c'est assez - already enough
• il s'en faut de beaucoup - still far from that
• c’est beaucoup – already a lot of that
• il vaut mieux – costs better
• il suffit - enough
• il s’en faut de peu – little change is missing

For example: Ilsuffitquevoussoyezavecnous. - It is enough that you are with us.

After the following expressions used in negative and interrogative form:

• être sûr – to be confident
• être certain – to be sure
• être persuadé – to be convinced
• être convaincu – to be convinced

For example: Es-tu persuadé que Michel soit coupable? –Youconvinced, WhatMichelleguilty?

After the following verbs, used in the negative and interrogative form:

• Croire - believe, think, assume
• Penser - to think
• Affirmer - to assert
• Pretendre - to pretend
• Trouver – find, count, believe
• Se souvenir – remember, remember

For example: Jenecroispasqu'ilsoitcapabledefairecela. “I don’t believe he’s capable of doing this.”

After impersonal phrases (some of which must be in a negative or interrogative form):

• il est clair - clear
• il est sûr – confidently, accurately
• il est vrai - true, really
• il est probable - probably, probably
• il est triste – sad

For example: Il est triste que Marie ne soit pas venue. –Sad, WhatMarieNotcame.

Now let's look at the use of Subjonctif in relative clauses. Used in the following cases:

The relative clause expresses a possibility, a wish, an intention:

For example: Pierrechercheuninterpretequisachelefrançais. – Pierre is looking for a translator who knows French

After the main clause in a negative or interrogative form, as well as the post of an indefinite word:

• aucun – none + noun
• personne - no one
• rien - nothing
• quelqu'un – someone
• un – some

For example: Avez-vous un livre qui puisse m’être utile? -Do you have a book that would be useful to me?

The main clause contains a superlative adjective or expression

• le seul - the only one
• l'unique - the only one
• le premier - first
• le dernier - the last one

For example: Tuesl'uniquepersonnequipuissem'aider – You are the only person who can help me.

And finally, Subjonctif in adverbial clauses is used after some conjunctions and allied expressions: quoi que, bien que, à condition que, qui que, quel que, quoique, de peur que, pour que, afin que, pourvu que, à moins que, sans queAndT.d.

Conjugate verbs in Subjonctif

We have studied the rules for using the subjunctive mood, now we will figure out how to correctly conjugate verbs in Subjonctif in French.
Conjugation of some verbs

Pay attention to the table in which we took one verb each from the first, second and third groups. So, we conjugate in all tenses of the subjunctive mood:

	Present que je parleque tu parles que nous parlions que vous parliez qu'ils parlent	Passé que j'aie parléque tu aies parlé qu'il ait parlé que nous ayons parlé que vous ayez parlé qu'ils aient parlé	Imparfait que je parlasseque tu parlasses que nous parlassions que vous parlassiez qu'ils parlassent	Plus-que-parfait que j'eusses parléque tu eusses parlé qu'il eût parlé que nous eussions parlé que vous eussiez parlé qu'ils eussent parlé
	Present que nous finissions que vous finissiez qu'ils finissent	Passé que j'aie finique tu aies fini qu'il ait fini que nous ayons fini que vous ayez fini qu'ils aient fini	Imparfait que je finisseque tu finisses que nous finissions que vous finissiez qu'ils finissent	Plus-que-parfait que j'eusses finique tu eusses fini qu'il eût fini que nous eussions fini que vous eussiez fini qu'ils eussent fini
	Present que je puisseque tu puisses que nous puissions que vous puissiez qu'ils puissant	Passé que j'aie puque tu aies pu que nous ayons pu que vous ayez pu qu'ils aient pu	Imparfait que je pusseque tu pusses que nous pussions que vous poussiez qu'ils pussent	Plus-que-parfait que j'eusses puque tu eusses pu que nous eussions pu que vous eussiez pu qu'ils eussent pu

It should be taken into account that the verbs of the third group are conjugated in Subjonctif in their own way, that is, each verb has its own odds and endings. You can find them on our website by looking at the “French verb conjugations” section. There you will also find the conjugation of the verbs Avoir, Etre, Aller in Subjonctif.

Some fixed expressions in Subjonctif

As you have already noticed, the subjunctive mood is formed with the word Que, but in French there are a number of set phrases and expressions that are used in Subjonctif in the third person, without the word Que:

• fasse le ciel que..., plaise au ciel (à Dieu) que..., Dieu veuille que... - God grant you, God grant that...
• Dieu vous garde! - May God bless you!
• grand bien lui fasse! - I wish you success! Well, to your health!
• advienne que pourra - come what may.
• soit dit en passant - by the way.
• entre nous soit dit - between us speaking, between us be said.
• sauve qui peut - save yourself who can.
• soit / soient - let it be, okay.
• vive / vivent - long live!
• n'en déplaise à qn - no offense intended.
• coûte que coûte - at all costs, whatever it takes.
• vaille que vaille - was not.
• ainsi soit-il - so be it.

We wish you success with the subjunctive mood!