Russian-Turkish War (1828–1829). Navarino naval battle (1827)

The Battle of Navarino in 1827 was a major naval battle between the combined fleet of Russia, France and England, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other. It occurred on October 20, 1827 in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea, on the southwestern coast of the Greek Peloponnese Peninsula, and became one of the decisive events of the Greek national liberation uprising of 1821-1829.

In 1827, the three allied countries signed the London Convention, which granted Greece full autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. However, the latter refused to recognize this document, which became the reason for sending an allied squadron to the conflict zone to put pressure on Turkey.

The combined allied fleet consisted of 28 ships, armed with up to 1,300 guns. The squadrons were commanded by the Russian Rear Admiral Login Heyden, the French Rear Admiral de Rigny and the English Vice Admiral Codrington, who took overall command of the Allied forces as senior in rank. The Turkish-Egyptian fleet under the command of Ibrahim Pasha consisted of twice as many ships, armed with up to 2,220 guns, and it was also protected by coastal batteries and 6 fire ships. And although the allied fleet was inferior in numbers and artillery, it was superior in combat training of personnel.

Vice Admiral Codrington, hoping to force the enemy to accept the demands of the allies without the use of weapons, only through a demonstration of force, sent the fleet to Navarino Bay, where it entered on October 20, 1827. And envoys were sent to the Turkish admiral with a demand to leave Greece. However, the Turks began to shoot and killed one of the envoys, and then opened fire from coastal guns, to which the Allies returned fire.

The battle in Navarino Bay lasted about 4 hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, which neither the support of coastal batteries nor the Egyptian marines could help. In addition, about 7 thousand Turks died in the battle, many were wounded. The Allies did not lose a single ship, and the losses in killed and wounded amounted to approximately 800 people.

The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Heiden especially showed itself in the battle, taking the main blow of the enemy and, acting most decisively and skillfully, defeated the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. The Russian battleship Azov, led by 1st-rank captain Mikhail Lazarev, who fought with five Turkish ships and provided support to other allied ships, deservedly became the hero of the battle.

The defeat of the Turkish fleet in this battle greatly weakened the naval forces of Turkey, which made a significant contribution to the victory of Russia in the subsequent Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. And, of course, the victory of the allied fleet in the Battle of Navarino provided support for the Greek national liberation movement, which resulted in Greek autonomy under the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829.

According to which Greece was granted complete autonomy. The Ottoman Empire refused to recognize the convention.

In the same 1827, a joint squadron of Russia (Rear Admiral Count Login Petrovich Heyden), France (Rear Admiral Henry de Regny) and Great Britain with a total number of 27 ships with 1276 guns, under the command of the senior English Vice Admiral Sir Edward Codrington approached the Bay of Navarino, where the Turkish-Egyptian fleet was located under the command of Muharrem Bey. The commander-in-chief of the Turkish-Egyptian forces and fleet was Ibrahim Pasha. The Turks had 120 ships with about 2,200 guns, in addition, they were protected by 165 guns from coastal batteries.

The Allies were inferior in artillery, but superior in combat training of personnel. Codrington hoped to force the enemy to accept the demands of the Allies through a demonstration of force (without the use of weapons). For this purpose, he sent a squadron to Navarino Bay.

When the English frigate Dartmouth approached the enemy, the captain of the ship T. Fellows sent his assistant Fitzrow to the Turkish fireship, who was supposed to convey the demand that the Turkish and Egyptian ships move a greater distance from the allied forces. But the Turks tried to prevent the British from getting closer and opened fire from their guns. The Parliamentarian was killed and the Dartmouth returned fire and a fight ensued.

The Battle of Navarino. Chromolithography by A. Meyer, L. Sebatier, A. Baillot based on the original. A. Meyer. After 1827

The French flagship Siren was fired upon by the Egyptian frigate Ismina, after which Vice Admiral de Regny ordered all guns to open fire on the enemy ships. A few seconds later his order was carried out. The English Admiral Codrington sent the Greek pilot Petros Mikelis and several other people to the ship of the Egyptian commander Muhar Bey to explain to him that the Allied goal was not to sink the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, but to force it to leave Navarino and sail to their bases in the Dardanelles and Alexandria. However, the Egyptians killed the Greek envoy sent by Codrington, and a few seconds later the Egyptian ship was sunk by the French flagship Asia. After this, it became clear that a large-scale battle could not be avoided. After some time, the Russian fleet, led by the flagship Azov, also approached the site of hostilities.

Battle of Navarino. Lithograph by C. Halmendel. 1827 On the left, the flagship Azov is attacking a Turkish ship.

The battle lasted about four hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet. The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Heiden acted decisively and skillfully. She took the main attack of the enemy and destroyed the center and right flank of the enemy fleet.

Navarino battle. I.K. Aivazovsky. 1887

The 74-gun battleship "Azov" under the command of Captain 1st Rank Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev distinguished itself. "Azov" sank 2 frigates and a corvette, burned a 60-gun frigate under the flag of Tahir Pasha, forced an 80-gun ship to run aground, and then, together with the British, destroyed the Turkish flagship. For these exploits, "Azov" was awarded the stern St. George's flag - the first time in the history of the Russian fleet.

"Azov" received 153 hits, 7 of them below the waterline. The ship was completely repaired and restored only by March 1828. On the Azov during the battle, future Russian naval commanders, heroes of Sinop and the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855, showed themselves: Lieutenant Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, midshipman Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, midshipman Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin.

Battle of Navarino. M.S. Tkachenko. 1907

The Battle of Navarino ended with the almost complete destruction of the Turkish fleet. The Allies did not lose a single ship; casualties in killed and wounded respectively: British 75 and 197, Russian 57 and 121, French 43 and 133.

When ships of the Russian Navy pass abeam the city of Pylos (the modern name of the city of Navarino), military honors are given.

Battle of Navarino. Ambroise Louis Garneray. 1827

famous sailing battleship (Navarin)

City in Russia, Rostov region, port on the Don River

The city named by the Turks after the first letter of the Slavic alphabet

The place where the battle took place in 1637-1643, Russia-Türkiye

Sailing battleship of the Russian Navy, which distinguished itself in the Battle of Navarino in 1827.

Turkish fortress Azak

Russian sailing ship, participant in the Battle of Navarino

Donskoy city named after the sea

A sailing ship, for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet, awarded the St. George's stern flag for military distinction in the Battle of Navarre

Hometown of Arctic explorer R. L. Samoilovich

The name of this Russian city comes from the Turkic “azak” - “mouth of the river”

This ship became the first in the Russian fleet to be awarded the St. George flag

The city in honor of whose capture the first triumphal gates were erected in Moscow

Since the victory over which city, Russia has ceased to be a land country?

City in Rostov region

The city taken by young Peter 1

City in Russia

Port city in Russia on the Sea of ​​Azov, Rostov region

Ancient city of the Black Sea region

Port on the Don River

Port on Don

. "ABC" city and port

Port city in Russia

Russian sailboat

Tana, Azak, how are you now?

City in Rostov region

City near Rostov

The sea near Black (colloquial)

Russian sailboat

Heroic Russian sailing ship

City and port on the left bank of the Don

Rostov city

City near Taganrog Bay

Famous battleship (Navarin)

Fortress city of Rostov region

Sailboat of the Russian Navy

City near Rostov-on-Don

City in Rost. region

Ukr. sea ​​(colloquial)

The sea near Rostov-on-Don

Both the city and the sailboat

Port in the lower reaches of the Don

Port in the lower reaches of the Don

The city taken by young Peter the Great

The city taken by young Peter I

Port in Rostov region

Famous sailboat

City in the lower reaches of the Don

Type of monitors of the twentieth century

Sailboat of the Russian fleet

Russian ship

Port on the Don River

City in the Russian Federation, Rostov region, port on the Don River

City in Rostov region

Russian sailing battleship (Battle of Navarino 1827)

On October 20, 1827, in the Navarino Bay of the Ionian Sea, on the southwestern coast of the Greek Peloponnese peninsula, a major naval battle took place between the combined fleet of Russia, France and England, on the one hand, and the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, on the other. This naval battle became one of the decisive events of the Greek national liberation uprising of 1821-1829.

In 1827, three allied countries (England, Russia and France) signed the London Convention, according to which Greece was granted complete autonomy from the Ottoman Empire. However, the latter refused to recognize this document, which became the reason for sending an allied squadron to the conflict zone in order to put pressure on Turkey.

The combined allied fleet consisted of 28 ships with up to 1,300 guns. The squadrons were commanded by Russian Rear Admiral L.M. Heyden, French Rear Admiral A.G. de Rigny and the English Vice Admiral E. Codrington, who took overall command of the Allied forces as the senior in rank.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet under the command of Ibrahim Pasha consisted of twice as many ships, with up to 2220 guns, and it was also protected by coastal batteries (165 guns) and 6 fire ships. And although the allied fleet was inferior in numbers and artillery, it was superior in combat training of personnel.

Vice Admiral Codrington, hoping without the use of weapons, only through a demonstration of force to force the enemy to accept the demands of the allies, sent the fleet to Navarino Bay, where it entered on October 20, 1827. And envoys were sent to the Turkish admiral with a demand to leave Greece. However, the Turks began to shoot and killed one of the envoys, and then opened fire from coastal guns at the combined fleet, to which the Allies returned fire.

The battle in Navarino Bay lasted about 4 hours and ended with the destruction of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, which neither the support of coastal batteries nor the Egyptian marines could help. At the same time, about 7 thousand Turks died in the battle, many were wounded. The Allies did not lose a single ship, and the losses in killed and wounded amounted to approximately 800 people.

The Russian squadron under the command of Rear Admiral Login Petrovich Heiden especially proved itself in the battle, which took the main blow of the enemy and, acting most decisively and skillfully, defeated the entire center and right flank of the enemy fleet. The Russian battleship Azov, led by Captain 1st Rank M.P., deservedly became the hero of the battle. Lazarev, who fought with five Turkish ships and provided support to other allied ships.

For the military exploits, "Azov" was awarded the stern St. George's flag for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet. And it was on the Azov, during the Battle of Navarino, that future Russian naval commanders first showed themselves - Lieutenant Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, Midshipman Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, Midshipman Vladimir Ivanovich Istomin.

The defeat of the Turkish fleet in this battle seriously weakened the naval forces of Turkey, which made a significant contribution to the victory of Russia in the subsequent Russian-Turkish war of 1828-1829. And, of course, the victory of the allied fleet in the Battle of Navarino provided support for the Greek national liberation movement, which resulted in Greek autonomy under the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829.

It is not surprising that the people of Greece to this day remember and appreciate the feat of Russian sailors. Victory Day in the Battle of Navarino is a national holiday in modern Greece; monuments to the fallen sailors are erected in the bay. In Russia, in honor of this historical event, a holiday has been established - the Day of the Commander of a Surface, Submarine and Aircraft of the Russian Navy. It was established in honor of caperang Mikhail Lazarev, who commanded the heroic battleship Azov.

At night and in the morning of October 8 there was little wind, which is why the Allied squadrons remained at the entrance to the bay. Only after 11 o'clock in the morning the wind blew from the south and the admirals began to form their squadrons into a marching order.

The Turkish-Egyptian fleet stood in the Bay of Navarino, convenient for defense, at anchor in three lines, in its favorite crescent shape. Battleships and frigates made up the first line, corvettes and auxiliary ships - the second and third. On both flanks of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, fireships stood ready. The Turkish ships were commanded by Admiral Tahir Pasha, the Egyptian ships by Admiral Mukharem Bey.

Transports and merchant ships stood near the eastern shore. The narrow entrance to the bay was protected by the Navarin fortress (40 guns), batteries on the island of Sfaktiria (125 guns) and fire ships.

By order of the commander of the united squadrons, Vice Admiral E. Codrington, the squadrons were to enter Navarino Bay in two wake columns: English and French ships in the right column, Russian ships in the left. The English and French ships were assigned a position against the left flank of the Turkish-Egyptian fleet, the Russians - against the center. English and Russian frigates were supposed to be on the right flank. Each of the ships of the squadron, entering Navarino Bay, stood directly opposite the side of the enemy ship with which it had to fight. Fire opened at the flagship's signal. The corvette "Thundering" was supposed to cruise at the entrance to the bay; it did not participate in the battle.

At 12.30 a signal was given from the English flagship Asia to move to Navarino Bay. When forming the battle formation, the French ships did not take their place in the right column in a timely manner. When approaching Navarino Bay, E. Codrington, contrary to the order given to enter it in two columns, ordered the Russian squadron to drift and let the French pass ahead. Perhaps the English admiral decided at the last moment that entering in two columns through the narrow entrance was risky: if any of the following ships in the columns ran aground, this would inevitably lead to a general dump of the fleet in the strait and unpredictable consequences.

The Turks calmly watched the movement of the English ships. When the allied fleet entered the bay, an officer from Mukharem Bey arrived on board the Asia, who reported that Ibrahim Pasha had left Navarino without leaving orders regarding the permission of the allied squadrons to enter the port, and invited them to go to sea.

“I came here not to receive, but to give orders,” Codrington replied. “After the treacherous violation of the word given by Ibrahim Pasha, we will destroy your entire fleet if even one shot is fired at the allies.”

By 2 p.m., the English and French squadrons entered the bay and anchored. Despite the fact that the Turkish ships did not open fire, not all French and English ships took their positions according to their disposition. The French flagship frigate Siren became too close to the enemy ship, which almost led to its death. The battleship "Scipio" collided with a Turkish fireship, grappling with its spar, and caught fire. The frigate Dartmouth and two brigs rescued him. The battleships Trident and Breslav also did not take their places. "Breslav" stood in the center of the bay. Only at the end of the battle did he stand next to Azov.

74-gun battleship "Azov"

Having missed the French ships, the Russian squadron headed to Navarino Bay. At 2 p.m., “Azov” approached its entrance. When the Russian squadron entered the bay, the commander of the English frigate Dartmouth sent his officer on a boat to the commander of the Turkish fire ships with a demand to take them deep into the bay. But the crew of the fireship, not knowing the intentions of the British, opened rifle fire on the boat, killing the officer and some of the rowers. The frigates Dartmouth and Sirena responded with rifle fire.

Soon the Egyptian corvette began to fire at the French flagship frigate Siren. The remaining Allied ships did not open fire: the Anglo-French command still hoped that the Turks would cease fire.

E. Codrington sent a truce to Mukharem Bey’s ship with a proposal to stop shooting, but the truce was also killed. Only after this the Allies opened fire. At this time, the Russian squadron was just passing by the batteries on the island of Sphagia and the Navarin fortress. The lead ship Azov had barely managed to pass the fortress when the battle began. Our squadron had to enter the bay under the crossfire of Turkish batteries and ships. The place where the Russian ships were supposed to be stationed was clouded with gunpowder smoke. In the impenetrable darkness L.P. Heyden had to lead the squadron into the very depths of the harbor. "Azov", not reaching the middle of the harbor, disappeared into the smoke, and all the objects surrounding it disappeared into the darkness.

Russian ships, showered with cannonballs and grapeshot, moved forward one after another in strict order. To carry out the anchoring maneuver, the ship's commanders, officers and crew showed restraint, composure and courage.

Admiral M.P. Lazarev, in 1827 - captain of the 1st rank, commander of the battleship "Azov"

At 14.45 "Azov" opened fire on the left side at the enemy frigates, past which the Russian squadron was passing. At 15 o'clock, "Azov" anchored and turned on the spring against the 76-gun ship at a cable's distance and opened heavy fire. By 15.30, all the masts on the enemy ship were knocked down and the anchor ropes were broken. Initially, he intended to board the Azov, but, encountering crushing fire from Russian cannons, he went to the shore, where he was blown up the next day. At this time, a Turkish admiral's two-deck frigate under the flag of Tahir Pasha and some corvettes, standing in the second line, opened up. At about 4 p.m., the frigate standing in front of the ship fighting with the Azov caught fire and was carried back, causing a frigate and several corvettes to open up in the second and third lines. The frigate, which caught fire, soon exploded behind the stern of the Azov.

On the Azov, the foremast and two guns were damaged, and a fire broke out, which was quickly extinguished.

Noticing the plight of the Azov, La Bretoniere, the commander of the French ship Breslav, immediately cut off the anchor rope and took a place between the Azov and the English ship Albion, thereby easing the position of the Russian flagship. For its part, "Azov", despite the fact that it was itself surrounded by enemy ships, helped the English flagship "Asia", which was fighting with an 84-gun ship under the flag of Mukharem Bey. At 16.30 the enemy ship's springs were broken, he turned his stern against the left board "Azov". By order of M.P. Lazarev immediately 14 cannons on the left side of the Russian ship opened fire, and half an hour later the stern of the Egyptian flagship was completely destroyed. Shooting from the Azov with grapeshot paralyzed all the enemy’s efforts to extinguish the fire that had arisen, and the Egyptian ship, moving to the side, soon took off into the air. At the same time, the corvette located opposite the Azov in the second line exploded. At 17.15, the admiral frigate Tahir Pasha, which was fighting with the Azov, had its mizzen mast knocked down and the ropes broken, and it was carried to the shore. At 17.30, the corvette, which was in the second line against the Azov, sank, and other ships facing the Russian squadron began to cut off the ropes and, in disastrous condition, fled to the shore.

Following "Azov" was "Gangut". Passing the fortress and batteries of the island of Sfactoria, he was met by fire from both sides, causing great damage to the spars and sails. The Russian ship immediately responded with salvos from both sides and silenced the batteries for some time. The lieutenant of the watch on the Gangut did not see the Azov ahead in the smoke and asked in bewilderment: “Where to steer?” “To the compass point,” answered the ship’s commander A.P. Avinov. At 15.15 "Gangut", having approached the "Azov" at a distance of half a cable, anchored with a spring. The ship opened fire on the starboard side at the enemy frigates. At 16.30 one frigate sank without lowering its flag. At about 5 p.m., another frigate exploded, covering the Gangut with burning debris. Two fires broke out on the ship, which were quickly extinguished. After this, the Gangut continued to fire at the corvettes stationed in the second line.

"Ezekiel", entering the bay, suppressed the coastal batteries of the Turks with its artillery. At 1530 he anchored and opened fire on a large 54-gun frigate and several corvettes. "Ezekiel", together with "Gangut", sank a Turkish fireship. At the beginning of the battle, the ship's commander, I.I., was wounded by grapeshot. Svinkin and for four hours he commanded the ship, kneeling and holding the rope.

Battle of Navarino. Lithograph of Gratiansky. In the foreground is the 84-gun battleship Gangut.

"Alexander Nevsky", entering the bay, also fired from both sides. The ship anchored at 15.45 between the Ezekiel and the French frigate Armida and, on its starboard side, engaged two 58-gun frigates, one of which was engaged with the Armida. Soon the latter surrendered to the French, and the first - "Keyvan-Bahri" - after 40 minutes lost the mainsail and mizzen masts and most of the guns, the mounts of which were broken. At 16.45 he surrendered to the Russian ship. The Keyvan-Bahri flag is currently in the Central Military Museum. Then the Alexander Nevsky, with longitudinal salvoes, began to destroy the third frigate, which was fighting off the Ezekiel, and soon this frigate exploded. At about 6 p.m., the Alexander Nevsky saw a fire brig coming from the shore toward the Russian ships. It was sunk by artillery fire from the Alexander Nevsky and Ezekiel.

The Russian frigates following their ships attacked the western wing of the Turkish formation, where from the very beginning of the battle the allied ships fought an unequal battle. In the first 20 minutes of the battle, the English corvette Talbot fought off almost all the Turkish ships located here. First, the French frigate Armida came to his aid, and then Russian ships. The frigate Elena, which was following the Alexander Nevsky, hastily stood on the spring and attacked the 50-gun Turkish frigate. “Agile”, which followed “Elena”, immediately joined its brother. When this Turkish frigate stopped resisting, fell silent and fled, "Elena" continued firing at the ships of the 2nd line, and "Provorny" transferred fire to the 54-gun frigate, which was fighting with "Armida", damaged it and put it out of action.

At 15.30, “Castor” and “Konstantin” approached and entered into battle. After 45 minutes, the frigate fighting with the Castor lowered its flag. The Russian ship immediately turned and attacked another, but at this time the first enemy, having repaired the damage, re-entered the battle. I.S. Sytin turned his frigate to its original position and began to shoot it again, the Turks cut off the ropes and went to the shore.

74-gun battleship "Alexander Nevsky"

"Constantine", despite fire from several directions, darkness and crowded conditions on the flank, stood ahead of "Talbot" and began to shoot three enemy corvettes. During the battle, "Konstantin" intensively fired at Turkish ships, but itself, despite the strong return fire, was almost unharmed.

The appearance of Russian frigates, especially the Castor and Konstantin, greatly helped the frigates and brigs of the Allies, especially the brig Mosquito, which was shot from three corvettes, a frigate and batteries of the island. Having lost all its anchors, the brig was carried towards the Turkish line in the most helpless position, but, fortunately, the sailors of the “Konstantin” managed to take it to bakshtov and held it for the whole night.

The enemy's right flank and center, against which the Russian ships stood, ceased resistance earlier than the left flank.

Throughout the battle, which lasted about four hours, Rear Admiral Count L.P. Heyden walked around the quarterdeck of the Azov, giving orders and instructions as calmly and calmly as during maneuvers. With presence of mind, he retained the usual gaiety of his character. So, for example, he asked the young officers: “What do you think, will this holiday end soon?..” and then added: “And I know that it will end soon, and certainly with glory for us.” When one of the officers, who was near the admiral, drew his attention to the fact that our sailors were throwing ends to the drowning Turks, Login Petrovich, touched by his philanthropy, exclaimed: “Yes! This is nice! Well done to our sailors: they are as kind as they are brave!”

On the Azov, the future heroes of Sevastopol, Lieutenant P.S., took part in the Battle of Navarino. Nakhimov, midshipman V.A. Kornilov, midshipman V.I. Istomin.

Exactly at 6 o'clock in the evening the Russian squadron called the all-clear. Having served prayers for the granting of victory, everyone prepared to repel a night attack that could have been carried out by any of the surviving fireships.

Navarino Bay at that time resembled Chesme Bay after the famous battle: burning ships were constantly exploding - even the surviving ones were set on fire by the enemy himself - the bay was strewn with various debris and corpses of the dead.

We must pay tribute to the courage of the enemy. Many Turks and Egyptians died valiantly on their ships, preferring death to captivity: not wanting to leave the burning ships, they immediately stabbed themselves with daggers; those who knew how to swim threw themselves into the water with a cannonball in their hands and instantly sank to the bottom.

On one frigate, which had already begun to sink into the water, the Turks, with truly oriental fanaticism, sat calmly on the deck, and at the last minute, waving their flag, shouting “Allah!..”, they went down with the frigate.

On the night of October 9, the Turks tried to attack Allied ships with fire ships. At 1.15, an Egyptian frigate was discovered from the Azov, acting as a fire-ship, heading towards the ship. "Azov" met him with rifle fire and, cutting off its anchor rope, dodged the attack. Then the Turkish fire-ship fell on board the ship "Gangut", entangling the bowsprit in its main shrouds. Several cannon and rifle shots were fired at the frigate from the Gangut, and then it was boarded. Egyptian sailors began to rush into the water, and some tried to set fire to their ship. Russian sailors killed them; the man who was preparing to light the fire-ship was killed with a fuse in his hands. The frigate's bowsprit was cut off. Then the fireship, with the help of boats from Russian ships and the Breslav, was towed to the shore, where its sides were cut through and sunk.

The next day, the Turks, fearing that the Allies would capture the ships damaged the day before, began to set them on fire. The Turkish-Egyptian fleet was destroyed, only 1 ship and 15 small vessels survived, the remaining 50 were destroyed. The enemy's casualties were estimated at 6–7 thousand people (out of 20 thousand crew).

The Allies had no losses in their ships, but they were heavily damaged. In our squadron, “Azov”, “Gangut” and “Ezekiel” especially suffered. The Turks fired at the masts, the Russians at the hulls. Therefore, the Turkish-Egyptian ships were destroyed and had many killed; on the allied ships there were fewer killed, but the masts, yards and tackle were badly damaged.

"Azov" received 153 holes in both sides and stern, including 7 along the waterline and below, all its masts, topmasts and yards were pierced, sails and rigging were shot through, all boats were broken. "Gangut" received 51 holes.

Of the entire squadron, only the frigate Castor had no killed or wounded.

LIST OF KILLED AND WOUNDED IN THE RUSSIAN SQUADRON

The allied ships were also damaged, especially the flagships; there were 76 killed and wounded on the Asia, 66 on the Siren, and the mizzen masts on both ships were broken.

As the British themselves admitted, nothing like this happened under Abukir and Trafalgar.

During the Battle of Navarino, for the first time in the history of the Russian fleet, our ships fought together with the English and French. Before that, they participated in joint voyages, maneuvers, and cruising. But here for the first time, as they say, they fought shoulder to shoulder with a common enemy. During the battle, Russian ships not only supported each other, but also repeatedly provided assistance to English and French ships.

On October 13, the Russian squadron left Navarino Bay and arrived in La Valletta (Malta Island) on the 27th for repairs.

For the victory in the Battle of Navarino, the commander of the Russian squadron, Count L.P. Heyden was promoted to vice admiral, commander of Azov M.P. Lazarev - promoted to rear admiral, commander of "Ezekiel" I.I. Svinkin - captain of the 1st rank.

For military exploits, the battleship "Azov" was for the first time in the Russian fleet by decree of Emperor Nicholas I of December 17, 1827 granted stern St. George flag.

As a result of the Battle of Navarino, Turkey's military power was weakened. Russia's prestige among the Balkan peoples has increased significantly. The British government, whose plans did not include either the weakening of Turkey or the strengthening of Russia, perceived the result of the Battle of Navarino as a failure of its policy in the Middle East. The new government that came to power in England began to evade the implementation of agreements on the Greek issue. Taking advantage of this, Türkiye banned Russian trade on the territory of the empire and the passage of Russian ships through the straits. This was the reason for the Russian-Turkish War of 1828–1829.

Squadron L.P. Heiden, who remained in the Mediterranean during this war, carried out the blockade of the Dardanelles.