What not to eat if you have urolithiasis. Diet for urolithiasis

There is a fairly common disease that affects people most often between the ages of 30 and 50 - urolithiasis. With this disease, stones form in the kidneys, which disrupt the normal flow of urine and the function of the organ itself.

The diet can be varied, depending on which stones are localized in the kidneys. There are several types of stones. The most common are oxalates, urates, phosphates and cystinates.

Oxalate stones are formed as a result of excess intake of foods containing calcium salts into the body. These salts are formed from ascorbic and oxalic acids.

Urates are formed from salts of uric acid. If there is a failure of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the body, then phosphate stones are formed.

If the quantity and metabolism of amino acids is disturbed, cystine stones are formed.

3 most important diet criteria for kidney stones

The diet for kidney stones, which is prescribed to the patient, is needed to normalize kidney function and prevent further formation of stones. Its main points:

1. Balanced functioning of the digestive system.
2. Gradually bringing metabolic processes back to normal, especially with regard to the amount of purines.
3. Change in urine test reaction in different directions (alkaline, acidic). It depends on what kind of stones are present in the kidneys.

In general, food should be varied and nutritious. In some cases, it is desirable that the food contain as little animal protein and fat as possible.

There is treatment table No. 6 - the Pevzner diet, which is recommended for patients with kidney stones. This is the fundamental option for stopping this disease. By order of the Ministry of Health Russian Federation, it is available in all medical institutions.

A person suffering from this disease can consume per day:

• carbohydrates – 360-390 g, sugars – no more than 79-81 g;
• fats – 85-89 g, of which vegetable fats – no more than 25%;
• proteins – 75-80 g, of which half are animal.

The daily norm of kilocalories should not exceed 2200-2350.

What not to eat if you have kidney stones

Foods that should not be consumed if you have kidney stones:

• baked goods, cream cakes and buns;
• meat and fish soups and broths;
• fatty meats and fish, smoked products;
• sausage products (sausages, small sausages);
• strong tea and coffee;
• chocolate candies;
• chicken egg yolk;
• all citrus fruits;
• pickles, including canned ones;
• animal fat;
• lard and margarine;
• spices and herbs;
• products containing gelatin.

It is necessary to minimize the intake of legumes and some vegetables (sorrel, eggplant, beets). Avoid drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking tobacco.

What can you eat if you have kidney stones?

The acid-base balance of urine makes it possible to determine the patient’s health status and diagnose diseases of the urinary system. With kidney stones, a shift in urine to the alkaline side, which is supported by diet, is especially important.

It is imperative to consume foods that contain Mg, B1, B6, and B12. These vitamins and elements help remove kidney stones, especially oxalates and urates. It is necessary to include in your diet foods that contain retinol - vitamin A, which restores the walls of blood vessels.

Tea from medicinal herbs and all kinds of decoctions give a positive effect if the patient has an inflammatory process in the urinary system. Medicinal water of low mineralization is also useful for kidney stones.

Products that are allowed to be consumed:

• coarse baked goods made from 2 grade flour ( great content vitamins B 1, B 6, B 12);
• fresh vegetable salads;
• cereal products in small quantities;
• noodles and pasta;
• lean meat and fish;
• dairy products;
• apples, pears, watermelons, sweet fruits and berries;
• vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes);
• dried fruits compote;
• unsalted cheeses;
• chicken egg white;
• vegetable oil.

If you follow these rules of eating, you can achieve good results and quick healing.

Why you need to diet

Diet for kidney stones is one of the important points for the prevention and treatment of this disease. When strictly observed, the following processes occur in the body:

• splitting of kidney stones;
• prevention of the occurrence of small and coarse stones;
• removal of stones from the body along with urine.

This diet also provides for gradual weight loss, improving the breakdown and absorption of nutrients in the intestines and stabilizing the functioning of the heart and blood vessels. According to some observations of doctors, in patients who strictly adhered to these recommendations, the inflammatory process of the urethra, bladder and kidneys decreased.

Results of non-compliance with the diet

If you do not adhere to doctor’s prescriptions and do not follow a diet, various unfavorable conditions for the body may arise:

1. Inflammation of the kidneys of a bacterial nature.
2. Inflammatory process in bladder and urinary tract.
3. Impaired renal function, up to renal failure.
4. Almost permanent pain syndrome.

Urolithiasis is a fairly common disease that is initially asymptomatic. Stones form in the urinary tract (kidneys or bladder) as a result of sedimentation and further crystallization of salts.

The formation of stones can be facilitated by a lack of B vitamins in the diet, as well as the absence or insufficient amount of fiber, which can remove certain salts from the body.

Men suffer from urolithiasis several times more often than women. Women avoid the formation of stones thanks to their sex hormones - estrogens. With the approach of menopause and the decline in estrogen production, urolithiasis also affects women.

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In the male body, the kidneys most often suffer from stones in urolithiasis, so when urolithiasis For men, the diet is aimed at improving the kidneys and removing sand and small stones. The diet for urolithiasis in women is most often aimed at getting rid of inflammation of the pelvic organs and cystitis.

Diet for urolithiasis and treatment can only help at the stage when studies show the presence of sand or small stones. In cases of advanced urolithiasis with severe and prolonged pain, surgical intervention is indicated.

For each type, a specific diet is selected with contraindications and nutritional recommendations.

Main types of stones:

• Oxalates
• Phosphates
• Urats

• Adequate fluid intake, at least two liters of water per day.
• Reducing portion sizes.
• Reduce salt intake and avoid hot spices.
• Limit foods containing stone-forming substances.
• A varied diet.
• Diet for urolithiasis in men

What foods form stones?

The cause of stone deposition is complex physical and chemical reactions. When metabolism is disrupted, protein matrices are formed in the kidneys, which serve as the “core”. Inorganic components are already attached to these nuclei. In 70% of cases, patients with kidney stones are found to have phosphate, urate, and oxalate stones. If you limit your consumption harmful products, acid salts will not precipitate and fill protein matrices.

Stones in the renal pelvis are a consequence of impaired metabolism of oxalic and uric acid, phosphorus and calcium. As part of the diet, foods containing purines are excluded:

• trans fats;
• animal protein;
• gelatin.

If phosphorus-calcium metabolism is impaired, you should give up natural coffee and black tea. Patients with oxalate stones should limit their intake of foods rich in vitamin C:

• citrus;
• celery;
• White cabbage;
• sorrel;
• strawberry;
• spinach.

Features of diet therapy depend on the composition of the stones. The dietary program should be drawn up by a urologist, taking into account the results of a biochemical urine test.

• General diet rules
• Features of the diet depending on the type of stones
• Nutrition for urate stones
• Nutrition for phosphate stones
• Nutrition for oxalate stones

Kidney stones form in the kidneys due to metabolic disorders in the body. They consist of salts and can have different shapes and compositions. For treatment, you must follow the doctor’s recommendations and special diet. The diet for kidney stones is prescribed based on their composition and examination data. Nutrition is regulated depending on the state of metabolic processes and test results.

General rules of diet for kidney stones

The main goals of the diet for kidney stones in women and men:

• acceleration of metabolism;
• prevention of salt precipitation;
• restoration of acid-base balance;
• increased peristalsis of the intestines, bladder and ureters.

In case of exacerbation of urolithiasis, adhere to table No. 6 - a therapeutic nutrition system with a limitation of animal proteins and trans fats. Energy value the daily diet is reduced to 2100-2300 kcal.

Basic rules of diet therapy:

• Diet. The menu is compiled taking into account the list of prohibited and permitted products. Patients with kidney stones should eat small meals up to 5 times a day. The amount of salt consumed is limited to 5 g/day, as it retains fluid in the body.
• Heat treatment. Products are allowed to be boiled, stewed, steamed, but not fried. Seafood and meat are included in the menu up to 3 times a week.
• Drinking regime. The daily amount of fluid consumed is adjusted to 2 liters per day. It flushes stones, sand and bacteria from the kidneys, reducing the risk of infectious inflammation of the urinary tract.

Kidney stones in obese men and women are often complicated by hypertension. Therefore they must give up alcoholic drinks.

With obesity, the concentration of uric acid in the blood increases, which stimulates the deposition of salts in the kidneys. To avoid the increase of stones, overweight people need to periodically do fasting days.

Signs and symptoms

Women and men have differences in the symptoms of the disease, which is associated with differences in the structure of the urinary system. Women's urethra is shorter and wider than men's. This allows larger stones to pass through less painfully, but men with stones larger than 5 mm experience terrible pain when passing through the urethra.

Lower back pain is one of the symptoms of urolithiasis

Common symptoms of kidney stones in both women and men include the following:

1. Pain in the lower back, in the chronic course of the disease the pain is nagging in nature, but if an attack occurs renal colic, then the pain becomes acute and uncontrollable, accompanied by vomiting, nausea, rapid heartbeat, and abdominal cramps.
2. The second symptom of the presence of stones is cloudy urine; if you take the urine for analysis, you can detect a large amount of salts in it; during an attack, the level of leukocytes increases, fresh red blood cells are present, and squamous epithelium, and protein may also appear.
3. Kidney stones provoke the development of chronic pyelonephritis, which can manifest as low-grade fever. Therefore, a periodic increase in temperature to 37-37.5 degrees, especially in the evenings, is also one of the symptoms of the disease.

If you notice similar symptoms in yourself, then it is necessary to diagnose your kidneys using ultrasound, and also do a detailed urine test; if any abnormalities are detected, visit a urologist and undergo appropriate treatment.

Characteristic signs kidney stone disease:

• discomfort in the lumbar region;
• discomfort increases after visiting the gym, lifting weights, sudden movements, working in the garden;
• during an exacerbation, with the movement of stones or a significant increase in the size of stones, the pain syndrome intensifies;
• painful lumbago can be heard not only in the lower back, but also in the groin, legs, thighs, and genital area;
• Often the urine becomes cloudy, the volume of discharge decreases when the bladder is emptied;
• swelling appears on the face and legs;
• urine test data worsens;
• weakness develops, you often feel thirsty, and your appetite decreases;
• when sand and stones come out, small formations are noticeable in the urine;
• many patients face a dangerous problem - increased blood pressure.

Characteristic symptoms of kidney stones in women:

• aching, dull pain in the lumbar region;
• with exacerbation of the disease, the manifestations of nephrolithiasis resemble the signs of intercostal neuralgia;
• discomfort is felt in the perineum and thighs.

Symptoms of kidney stones in men:

• a sharp decrease in urine level;
• the pain syndrome is well felt in the genital area.

What can you eat if you have kidney stones: healthy foods

The urologist determines what fruits to eat if you have kidney stones. The basis of the diet should be foods that alkalize or acidify urine. They dissolve salt deposits and remove kidney stones.

Useful foods for kidney stones:

• low-fat cottage cheese;
• unsalted cheeses;
• vegetable sauces;
• soaked vegetables;
• vegetable oil;
• sweet varieties of apples;
• potato;
• squash;
• tomatoes (limited);
• carrot;
• dried fruits;
• Rye bread;
• bearberry decoction;
• weak tea;
• pollock;
• cereals (moderate);
• cod;
• pasta;
• dietary meat.

If you have stones, it is advisable to eat vegetables and fruits with retinol and B vitamins - pumpkin, broccoli, garlic, watermelon, avocado, mango. They remove oxalates from the kidneys and heal the urinary tract mucosa.

From alkaline to acidic

If we are dealing with phosphates, the pH of urine must be turned to the acidic side. In this case, you need to limit foods that contain a lot of calcium and which have alkalizing properties. This includes vegetables, milk and fruits.

We eat the following:

• bread without egg yolks and milk;
• all kinds of meat, poultry and fish, even some canned fish;
• thin soups with diluted broth;
• herring, caviar, sea reptiles;
• sour cream in small quantities;
• cow butter;
• raw vegetable oil;
• all sorts of cereals;

• cranberries, lingonberries;
• sour apples;
• honey and sugar, sweets;
• mild sauces and spices;
• tea with lemon;
• fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries;
• decoctions of rosehip and hawthorn.

• smokedness and saltiness;
• milk and sour milk;
• cooking fat (it has zero benefits);
• vegetables;
• potatoes;
• fruits other than those I have already mentioned;
• juices, salads and vinaigrettes;
• spicy snacks, mustard and horseradish.

That's why it's so important to know what kind of stones you have - diets vary greatly.

The eating regimen is the same - 4 times a day, plus drinking plenty of fluids in between.

• proteins - at least 90 g;
• fats - at least 100 g;
• carbohydrates - no more than 400 g;
• total caloric intake - 2800;
• salt - a little more than in the previous case, up to 12 g;
• free liquid - at least 1.5 liters.

Therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones is aimed at reducing the load on the urinary system. Before use, almost all products are subjected to heat treatment. Boiled vegetables with fiber enhance gastrointestinal motility, prevent constipation and increased pressure in the pelvic organs.

Features of cooking for kidney stones:

• meat and fish must be boiled before consumption;
• rich meat, mushroom broths and soups are not consumed due to their high purine content;
• a portion of a meat dish should not exceed 150 g;
• vegetable and butter used in small quantities for dressing salads and preparing low-fat sauces;
• cream soups are prepared with a second vegetable and a third meat broth.

If you have kidney stones, you should not use spices and herbs, as they irritate the mucous membrane of the urogenital tract. This is dangerous due to blockage of the ureters and acute urinary retention.

Basic principles of a diet for urolithiasis for men:

• Quitting alcohol strong tea and coffee, salt, fatty foods, sauces and spices. Meals should be small to avoid overeating. Since it can cause metabolic disorders and the appearance of stones in the ureters and kidneys.
• It is necessary to maintain a drinking regime - up to two liters of drinking water during the day. Exclude meat, fish, offal, legumes, mushrooms and cabbage from the diet.
• Eat more dairy products, berries and vegetables. Porridge, vegetable salads and soups will be useful. The diet should include potato dishes, whole grain bread, and nuts.

Drinking regime

The daily fluid intake depends on many factors:

• patient's age and weight;
• level of physical activity;
• nutritional characteristics;
• presence of cardiovascular diseases;
• diameter and composition of stones;
• conditions of the urinary tract and kidneys.

In the absence of serious disturbances in the functioning of the urinary system, drink up to 2.5 liters of water per day. As a drink, decoction of elderberry, rosehip, bearberry, herbal tea, and fruit drinks are used. They have a diuretic effect and stimulate kidney function.

Therapeutic nutrition for struvite stones

Struvite is formed in urine with a pH shift towards the alkaline side. A significant role in this process is played by urease-forming bacteria, which can infect the urinary tract.

The goal of the diet in this case is to achieve a shift in pH to the acidic side by limiting certain foods in the diet. The target amount of daily urine output should also be discussed individually. It depends on the type medicines, which the patient takes as part of the conservative phosphate therapy regimen.

What not to eat if you have kidney stones: list of foods

For kidney stones, exclude animal fats, semi-finished products, and offal. During relapses of urolithiasis, avoid products with gelatin, vitamin C, and purines. The following should be excluded from the menu:

• sausages;
• conservation;
• lingonberries;
• currants;
• hot chocolate;
• meat and mushroom broths;
• herring;
• mackerel;
• marinades;
• pork;
• baked goods;
• legumes;
• cooking fat;
• spicy snacks.

You are allowed to eat 1 chicken egg per day, prepared in any way. But if the stones consist of uric acid sediments, do not eat the yolks.

Prohibited and permitted products

What can a patient suffering from urolithiasis eat:

• fermented milk products, especially low-fat cottage cheese;
• bread made from wholemeal flour and bran;
• lean meat and fish;
• dried fruits;
• sweet fruits - bananas, pears, apricots, watermelon, melon, apples;
• durum wheat pasta;
• mild cheese;
• potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkin;
• Red beans;
• honey, marshmallows and marshmallows.

To stop the formation of stones, some foods should be consumed in limited quantities:

• cereals;
• chicken and quail eggs;
• vegetable and animal oils;
• citrus and other sour fruits;
• cocoa, coffee, black tea;
• eggplant;
• beet.

Regardless of the structure of the stones, the diet for urolithiasis strictly prohibits the consumption of certain foods.

What not to eat with this disease of the genitourinary system:

• rich meat and mushroom broths;
• fatty sea and river fish;
• pickled dishes;
• mayonnaise, sauces, ketchups;
• pork, lamb, duck, goose;
• offal - liver, heart, kidneys;
• smoked meats, sausages;
• rich bakery products.

What changes to make to the menu for different types of stones

Only a urologist can determine how to eat if you have stones in the urinary system. Features of the diet depend on the biochemical composition of the deposits.

Oxalates

The diet for calcium stones in the renal collecting system (PSS) limits the consumption of foods with oxalic and ascorbic acid:

• celery;
• leek;
• tomatoes;
• strawberries;
• figs;
• carrot;
• gooseberry;
• green beans;
• citrus;
• sea ​​buckthorn;
• rhubarb.

To speed up the dissolution of stones, eat foods with pyridoxine and magnesium (liver, nuts, mustard, seaweed etc.).
If a person drinks enough water, calcium oxalates are not deposited in the kidneys. But if sand accumulates in them, use alkalizing water - Truskavetskaya, Borjomi, Berezovskaya, Essentuki No. 4. To remove oxalates, eat more quince and drink elderberry infusions.

Urats

The diet for urate in the kidneys is aimed at reducing foods with purines. They increase the amount of uric acid in the blood, which causes its salts to begin to accumulate in the kidneys. The menu is based on:

• fruits – sweet apples, watermelons, citrus fruits;
• fermented milk products – milk, low-fat kefir;
• vegetables - white cabbage, carrots, potatoes.

Phosphates

Phosphate stones are a consequence of alkalization of urine. Kidney stone disease progresses when following a standard dairy-plant diet. To avoid complications, remove from the diet:

• dairy products;
• cocoa;
• celery;
• green onions;
• yeast.

To acidify urine, eat bread with bran, dried fruits, meat dishes, cranberry juice, and Brussels sprouts.

Nutritional Features

In different situations, nutrition and diet rules will differ significantly.

To dissolve formations

Therapeutic nutrition helps prevent the formation of kidney stones and will promote their dissolution.

• fresh, pickled and soaked vegetables;
• sweet fruits and berries;
• dairy products;
• hard cheeses;
• dried fruits;
• tomato and vegetable sauces;
• low-fat fish;
• seafood;
• decoctions of bearberry, corn silk, oat and wheat flakes.

On exit

• cabbage;
• potato;
• beets;
• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• cereals;
• vegetable oil;
• watermelon;
• lingonberries;
• grape;
• raisin;
• pomegranate;
• currants;
• apples;
• blueberries

It is necessary to avoid spicy, smoked and salty foods, marinades, spinach, herring, fatty meat broths, vinegar, horseradish, mustard, pepper.

When stones pass, you need to drink up to 2 liters of liquid. You can use decoctions of lingonberry and strawberry leaves, and corn silk.

After removal

After crushing kidney stones, you do not need to adhere to a strict diet. But the diet still needs to be adjusted.

It is important to consume foods that will not create additional stress on the kidneys. Food must be easily digestible, which should be boiled, stewed or steamed.

It is advisable to consume the following products:

• chicken;
• turkey;
• boiled sausages;
• cereals;
• dairy products;
• vegetables;
• eggs;
• fish and meat broths;
• fruits;
• weak tea;
• compotes.

Menu for the week

It is difficult to create a menu that suits different types of stones. For oxalates, a plant-meat diet is followed, for phosphates, a meat diet, and for urates, a plant-dairy diet. More often, stones with a predominance of phosphoric acid salts are found in the kidneys.

If kidney stones are complicated by inflammation, stick to table No. 7 according to Pevzner. Spices, preserves, marinades, green onions and other foods that irritate the mucous membranes are removed from the diet.

Sample menu:

To avoid constipation, it is not advisable to overuse meat dishes. It is better to eat a vegetable salad for breakfast, cream soup for lunch, and boiled meat or fish for dinner.

Diet depending on the type of stones

Stones are stones:

• oxalate;
• urate;
• forfat;
• organic;
• mixed.

Diet cannot correct the size of amino acid stones. Their formation is caused by genetic disorders. By using proper nutrition You can only get rid of urate stones. Phosphate and oxalate stones also do not dissolve, but a specially selected diet will prevent the formation of new stones.

Nutrition should be selected by the attending physician. This is due to the fact that a diet that is suitable for formate stones will only harm the body with urate stones. Only during treatment acute phase disease, a strict diet is recommended. After the main treatment, nutrition should be more complete and nutritious.

Nutrition for oxalate stones

Oxalate stones, when the concentration of oxalic acid in the urine increases. With the help of diet, concentration decreases.

You should avoid the following products:

• chocolate;
• nuts;
• sorrel, spinach, lettuce
• figs;
• gelatin;
• vitamin C;
• milk products.

It is necessary to increase the quantity of the following products:

• porridge (oatmeal and buckwheat);
• sweet fruits;
• pumpkin;
• cauliflower.

Breakfast: cottage cheese, bread and butter, coffee with milk. Snack: porridge with milk, compote or fruit drink. Lunch: vegetable soup with bread, compote or fruit drink. Second lunch: pasta with cottage cheese, compote or fruit drink. Dinner: potatoes, beef, carrots, compote or fruit drink. At night: baked goods (not rich).

Nutrition for urate stones

The reason for the loss of urate stones is an acidic environment. Proper nutrition has the following goal: to change the reaction of urine to alkaline. Urate stones are prone to rapid growth and equally rapid decay. In the case of urate stones, changing your diet will be effective.

For some time you need to stop eating meat and fish. Fish and lean meat can be consumed boiled no more than 2 times a week. You can eat: young veal and chicken, broths.

The diet for urate stones is dairy-vegetable in nature. You should increase the amount of cereals, dairy products, citrus fruits, and other fresh vegetables and fruits.

Breakfast: wheat porridge, vegetable salad, carrots, apples, tea with milk. Snack: not rich pastries, compote or fruit drink. Lunch: soup with milk, potatoes, bread, vegetable cutlets, compote or fruit drink. Second lunch: apples. Dinner: cabbage rolls with rice, vegetables, compote or fruit drink. At night: wheat bran.

Nutrition for phosphate stones

To get rid of phosphate stones, you need to bring the environment to a more acidic state. It is necessary to limit the amount of foods that are rich in calcium and phosphorus.

It is allowed to eat meat and fish, cereals, pumpkin, cabbage, beans, and sour apples.

To prevent stones from forming again, the diet should be continued after recovery. Dairy products and fresh vegetables have a negative effect on the body.

Breakfast: buckwheat porridge, egg, tea. Snack: savory pastries, compote or fruit drink. Lunch: soup, bread, dried fruit compote. Second lunch: steamed cutlets, compote or fruit drink. Dinner: chicken (boiled or baked), rice, compote or fruit drink. At night: savory pastries, tea.

Healthy recipes

A varied diet prevents hypovitaminosis and decreased immunity. When stones form in the kidneys, eat the following dishes:

• Saxon puree. 3 large onions are cut into half rings and boiled for 20 minutes in 1 liter of water. Meanwhile, boil the turnips and potatoes. Mix them with salted onions, add a little milk.
• Fruit puree. Boil 500 g of peach pulp in 1 liter of water for 10 minutes. Blend in a blender until pureed. Mix with 3 tbsp. l. granulated sugar and ½ cup boiled rice.
• Salad with clover. ¼ large white cabbage cut into strips and mix with a glass of clover heads. Grind the whites of 2 chicken eggs and add to the salad. Season with vegetable oil and garnish with dill.
• Fruit salad. Diced apricots, apples, pears and plums are mixed in equal quantities. Add 1-2 tbsp. l. chopped hazelnuts and the same amount of low-fat sour cream.

Following a healthy diet improves the functioning of the urinary system and reduces body weight. Thanks to this, the symptoms of hypertension and excess load on the kidneys disappear.

Phosphates, what are they?

Phosphate stones are found during normal functioning of the kidneys and urinary system.

Their fluctuations are quite acceptable, since the diet modern man may change from day to day. It is a sudden change in diet that leads to increased oxidation or alkalization of urine. The alkaline reaction of urine is caused, for example, by switching to a plant-based diet or vegetarianism, with a complete rejection of meat products. As a result, phosphates begin to actively form in the urine.

Phosphates are most often round in shape and have a brownish-gray tint. They have the property of very rapid growth. When large, they look like crystals.

Lifestyle

Eating right does not guarantee that you will get rid of kidney stones. To increase the effectiveness of diet therapy, you need to:

• give up smoking and alcohol;
• take daily half-hour walks;
• avoid stressful situations;
• give up fast food;
• exercise.

Sexual infections provoke exacerbations of urolithiasis. Patients with chronic kidney inflammation should avoid sex with casual partners.

How to detect

Diagnosis of kidney disease is carried out comprehensively:

• General state;
• Palpation abdominal cavity. Finding the source of pain;
• General blood analysis;
• Biochemistry;
• Analysis of urine.

History and palpation make it possible to initially differentiate kidney stones from viral and bacterial infections, in particular appendicitis, intestinal colic and others.

A blood test makes it clear possible reasons the occurrence of phosphate stones, as well as detect increased concentrations of certain chemical elements.

An ultrasound will help you understand that it was kidney phosphates, and not other stones, that caused the pathology.

Finally, visible and microscopic examination of urine reveals particles of red and white blood cells, mucous and bacteria.

How to dissolve them

The effectiveness of homeopathic remedies, medicines, herbal infusions increases if the stones are small, their number is insignificant and they do not cause much discomfort to a person. If the stone is dissolved in this way, its remains are excreted from the body in its natural form or in the form of sand.

As a treatment, a doctor may prescribe Cyston, which has almost no contraindications, Allopurinol or Blémarin, which reduce the level of uric acid, madder extract, effective against phosphate stones. However, no drug can be used without a doctor’s prescription and prior consultation.

Diet Basics

Self-medication is unacceptable here. This applies not only to the selection of appropriate medications, but also to the determination of suitable food products. After all, not all of them can have a positive effect on the human condition. The first thing the doctor does is determine what specific type of stones the patient’s body is predisposed to. Based on the results obtained, he recommends excluding certain items from the menu. food products, which cause the accumulation of this type of salts.

It is very important to maintain a drinking regime. Unfortunately, such a simple rule, which recommends that people drink 2.5 liters of fluid per day, is followed by only a few. You can even increase this volume. The more water passes through the urinary system, the more effectively the tissues and ducts are cleansed of sand and small stones.

What are phosphate stones?

Usually these are smooth, less often with a rough surface, formations of white or grayish-white color. In addition to the fact that they can reach large sizes, phosphate stones are more likely than others to transform into large coral-like formations.

The following features of this type of renal formations are their softer consistency than that of oxalate and urate stones, as well as accompanying illnesses, one of which is often pyelonephritis.

These formations consist mainly of calcium salts of phosphoric acid. Thanks to this feature, they are easily detected using a routine ultrasound or x-ray examination. In addition to phosphates, they also contain urate and oxalate inclusions.

Symptoms and diagnosis

To identify phosphate stones, it is carried out general analysis urine (phosphaturia is detected), ultrasound, computed tomography and radiography of the kidneys.

In addition, after detecting phosphate stones in the kidneys, doctors will need to find the cause of this pathological condition. Therefore, if a patient has signs of pyelonephritis, a bacteriological examination of urine (necessarily with an antibiogram) may be required. If a problem is suspected in the exchange of calcium and phosphorus, tests for parathyroid hormones, the concentration of these electrolytes in the blood and other studies.

Treatment

After collecting all the information and a thorough diagnosis, the doctor chooses a method for removing stones from the genitourinary system. At the moment, there are several ways to treat phosphate stones in the body and the question often arises of how to remove them from the kidneys. We will now list the main and relevant ones:

• Surgery
• Medicinal (solvents for stones)
• External lithotripsy (crushing stones from the outside)

The first method is still very popular. The peculiarities of surgical intervention are particularly advanced cases and the risk of death. Also, stone removal is resorted to if dissolution is futile. Most often these are stones that exceed one and a half to two centimeters in diameter and the medicinal method will be powerless.

Soluble stones are at the stage of so-called sand or small sediments. The fact is that phosphate stones are predisposed to rapid growth, but may not completely dissolve. In this case, the medication is combined with strict diet in order to avoid relapse. There are many drugs for painless dissolution and painkillers, so now the question of what to dissolve is not so pressing.

Lithotripsy is relatively new method, based on ultrasonic crushing of stones. In turn, it is divided into remote and contact. The main advantage of this method is less trauma to the mucous membranes and internal organs. The disadvantages are the impossibility of crushing particularly large stones and in severe inflammatory processes.

In addition, methods are still popular among the common people traditional medicine, which include preparing infusions, teas and other herbal infusions for the purpose of removing stones from the body. Cranberries, plums, and blueberries are especially popular for their oxidizing properties.

Whatever choice you make, it's worth sticking to complex treatment, which includes medications to relieve symptoms, painkillers, diuretics, as well as a strict, sometimes lifelong diet.

Reasons for appearance

The main reasons that lead to the appearance of excessive amounts of phosphate stones are poor diet. Man, by his biological characteristics, is omnivorous. Urine acidity (pH) in humans fluctuates between slightly acidic and slightly alkaline.

In such conditions, the most comfortable functioning of the organs of the genitourinary system is ensured. A systematic shift to the acidic or alkaline side negatively affects its activity.

In addition to diet, several other factors are related to process disturbances:

• Endocrinological disruptions;
• Chronic urinary tract infections;
• Constant consumption of tap or poor quality water;
• Violation of the metabolism of elements such as Calcium and Phosphorus. Excessive consumption of dairy and plant products for food. Hypercalcemia.

The correct menu for a diet against urates.

Recipes of permitted dishes

That's how it is sample menu for various types of stones. But it's important to know how to properly prepare the dishes described above. For example, if you need to make buckwheat soup, you will need potatoes, carrots, onions and buckwheat. Spices are allowed, but they must all be natural. It is ideal if the herbs are collected and prepared yourself.

First, put water on the fire and add salt. Boil. Wash the buckwheat, cut the potatoes into cubes. Grate onions and carrots. Throw all the ingredients into boiling water and cook until the potatoes are cooked. Add greens and serve hot.

It would be a mistake to think that with such a diet for urolithiasis in women and men, salads are prohibited. They just become more useful. Let's say it's a salad with potatoes and sauce. Here you will need, in addition to the main ingredient, an egg yolk, low-fat sour cream, garlic, spices and the juice of half a lemon. Wash the potatoes and boil them in their skins. Peel and cut into medium-sized cubes. Pass the garlic through a garlic press and chop it with a knife. Mix with sour cream, boiled yolk and herbs. Combine potatoes with the resulting sauce.

You can make zrazy from rice. The ingredients include rice cereal, skinless chicken breast, and egg. Cook the rice until tender and divide into two halves. Rub the chicken breast through a meat grinder and mix with half the cereal. Form two cake layers. Lay and place the remaining rice with a boiled egg. Cover with the second cake layer. Bake in the oven or cook in a double boiler.

Pumpkin dishes are very healthy. You can make soup from it. To do this, take 300 g of pumpkin, 1 onion and 2 potatoes. You will also need a small carrot, some greens, 20 grams olive oil. Boil potatoes, cut into cubes. After 15 minutes, chop the pumpkin into pieces and add to the potatoes. Lightly salt and continue cooking for 10 minutes. Do not allow the pumpkin to boil. It should be translucent. Instead, you can use squash or zucchini in this soup.

Urolithiasis, treatment: diet number 7

The so-called 7th table diet is intended for patients with any dysfunction of the urinary organs, and the kidneys in particular. This nutrition plan is designed for use for diffuse glomerulonephritis in acute form, chronic nephritis in remission, as well as for diseases such as urolithiasis. Diet 7 helps normalize water and electrolyte balance in the body, restore blood pressure and improve kidney function even in the presence of inflammatory processes in them. That is why it is considered by experts to be the best diet for kidney disease.

How are they formed?

Phosphates are formed from phosphoric acid and calcium salt. Initially, a mineral plaque forms. It grows at the expense of other phosphate compounds and develops into stone.
On a note! The stones are light in color and have a smooth surface. Sharp edges are most often absent.
There are 10 main causes of phosphate kidney stones:

1. Hormonal disbalance.
2. Excess calcium.
3. Poor nutrition.
4. Alkaline urine reaction.
5. Sedentary lifestyle.
6. Violation of phosphorus metabolism.
7. Infectious diseases in the kidneys.
8. Anomalies in the development of internal organs.
9. Increased salt content in the body.
10. Diseases accompanied by metabolic disorders.

Stones cause many inconveniences to the patient, including:

• renal colic;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• the appearance of pain during movement.

Recently, the number of people seeking help with kidney stones has been increasing. But not only drug treatment appears to be a guarantee of effective recovery. Diet for kidney stones plays one of the most important roles. It guarantees effective dissolution of solid deposits and prevention of their re-formation. ICD 10 code - urolithiasis (N20-N23).

Diet Basics

Self-medication is unacceptable here. This applies not only to the selection of appropriate medications, but also to the determination of suitable food products. After all, not all of them can have a positive effect on the human condition. The first thing the doctor does is determine what specific type of stones the patient’s body is predisposed to. Based on the results obtained, he recommends excluding from the menu certain foods that cause the accumulation of this type of salts.

It is very important to maintain a drinking regime. Unfortunately, such a simple rule, which recommends that people drink 2.5 liters of fluid per day, is followed by only a few. You can even increase this volume. The more water passes through the urinary system, the more effectively the tissues and ducts are cleansed of sand and small stones.

Authorized Products

Today we were able to identify a list of products that improve functional features genitourinary system, if you eat them every day. This list includes:

If you regularly eat all of the above, you can not only prevent the formation of stones, but also effectively get rid of those that are already present. If you have stones removed, you will have to follow a diet in any case.

The fact is that patients who turn to doctors with such a problem already have a tendency to re-form stones. The diet is actually simple and easy to follow. It consists of foods that are healthy for the body, which are prepared stewed, boiled, or baked. It is also good to cook dishes in a double boiler.

Stone formation can be triggered by eating certain foods.. They urgently need to be limited in order to feel healthy for as long as possible and not experience deterioration in health again. This:

It is also undesirable to get carried away with dairy products. If a person is prone to oxalate stones, then he should give up tomatoes. For prevention and treatment, exclude any smoked meats, canned food, spices and marinades. Under no circumstances should you eat mustard or horseradish. Harmful:

• sorrel;
• salty fish;
• parsley;
• spinach.

Carbonated drinks form insoluble stones that are very difficult to crush. The same goes for alcohol. This is explained by the presence of oxalic acid in these drinks.

Several subtypes of kidney stone disease can be distinguished, which are characterized depending on the type of stones. They can be phosphate, oxalate and urate. It is possible to determine what specific type of stones in a person’s kidneys are through laboratory tests.

It is impossible to understand on your own which stones are contained in the bladder and kidneys. Each type of stone has its own diet plan. If some foods are allowed for a person with urate stones, then they may be completely prohibited for a person with oxalate inclusions in the kidneys. This is why they talk about the health hazards of an arbitrarily chosen diet for urate kidney stones.

Type of nutrition for urolithiasis

Urate stones form as a result of excess uric acid.. It can accumulate in tissues for various reasons. Some experts claim that such stones can be present in small quantities in the body of any person, even a healthy one.

They pose a threat only when their numbers increase. To prevent urolithiasis, you should eat foods that make your urine pH alkaline. Fermented milk drinks, cheese and cottage cheese, wheat and buckwheat cereals, and fruits are considered healthy. Any product in which it is found in large quantities vitamin C. Regardless of the type of stones, alcohol, canned food and fatty foods are prohibited.

On the other hand, fat is a necessary component of the menu for any person to maintain normal digestion. However, we are talking about healthy fats, which are quite difficult to find. And these are certainly not the fats that are found in factory-produced store-bought products. To prevent urate stones from forming again, the patient is prescribed a drinking regimen. He should drink 2.5 liters of water daily, and this is the minimum mark. In the hot season, this figure should be increased.

For oxalate stones

Such stones are a consequence of an increase in the content of oxalic acid. This can be caused by dietary errors when a person is addicted to fast food, as well as the presence of large amounts of vitamin C in the menu. Oxalate stones require fractional nutrition. They cannot be dealt with if a person drinks little water throughout the day.

Having figured out what is allowed to eat if you have kidney stones, you can save yourself from the adverse manifestations of the disease for a long time. At first, doctors prescribe one meal for the diet for oxalate kidney stones, which is prescribed together with freshly squeezed juices. Products containing oxalic acid should be completely avoided.

Salt is not removed completely, but its content should be minimal.

The emphasis should be on B vitamins, which are rich in fruits and vegetables. Beneficial influence Special medicinal preparations sold in pharmacies also differ.

For phosphate stones

Phosphate stones do not form as often. If they do appear, this indicates a large amount of magnesium and calcium in the body. Here it is important to give up dairy and limit the consumption of a number of fruits and vegetables. At the same time, it is allowed to consume any types of legumes and grains with phosphaturia.

Foods rich in protein, sour berries and vegetables will benefit Green colour. Pastries, sweets, pickled foods, spices, and alcohol are strictly prohibited. Fatty meats and fish are also prohibited.

Approximate menu

Based on the list of permitted products, you can create a daily menu for a child or adult.

involves excluding the so-called provocateurs of kidney stones. If desired, you can modify the types of meat, but in any case they must be included in the list of permitted ones. The same can be said for other ingredients, such as cereals and vegetable dishes.

For oxalate stones, you can use 5% or 9% cottage cheese; you can supplement it with a crust of bread with butter and tea with milk. The next meal is at 10:00 am. During the afternoon snack, oatmeal is served. As a drink, it is better to give preference to lingonberry juice. For lunch, prepare soup from vegetable broth with the addition of a spoonful of sour cream. You can eat a crust of bread and drink homemade compote made from the permitted berries. At 15:00 prepare pasta casserole with 5% or 9% cottage cheese, as well as homemade fruit jelly. Sweet varieties of apples are best suited for this. For dinner, beef is served, which is boiled for at least an hour and a half or baked. Mashed potatoes and carrots are suitable as a side dish. You can drink a glass at the same time mineral water

without gas. The last meal includes a savory bun, which can be washed down with lingonberry or cranberry juice.

Early in the morning you can eat a casserole of carrots and apples with the addition of millet. You can also eat salad made from fresh vegetables. The drink chosen is tea, into which several tablespoons of milk are poured. At 10:00 the patient can eat a savory bun, washed down with any rosehip-based drink. You can make an infusion or decoction from the fruits. For lunch, noodle soup with milk is suitable. For the main course you can serve potato meatballs with bread, as well as berry compote

In the evening you can cook vegetable cabbage rolls. It is recommended to use neutral products, such as boiled rice, as a filling for them. For drinks, it is better to choose still water. Before going to bed, your meal should be very light. You can take a decoction of bran.

Daily menu for phosphate stones

For breakfast, take buckwheat porridge, 250 ml of weak tea and boiled egg white. At 10:00 you can prepare any baked goods consisting of permitted products. You can wash it down with a drink made from rose hips. For lunch they prepare soup with meatballs. For the latter, you need to take only lean varieties of meat. This lunch is served with a crust of bread and fruit compote.

For dinner, skinless chicken is served. Rice is used as a side dish. At this time, you can drink mineral water without gas. Late dinner includes weak tea with diet bread.

Recipes of permitted dishes

This is an approximate menu for different types of stones. But it's important to know how to properly prepare the dishes described above. For example, if you need to make buckwheat soup, you will need potatoes, carrots, onions and buckwheat. Spices are allowed, but they must all be natural. It is ideal if the herbs are collected and prepared yourself.

First, put water on the fire and add salt. Boil. Wash the buckwheat, cut the potatoes into cubes. Grate onions and carrots. Throw all the ingredients into boiling water and cook until the potatoes are cooked. Add greens and serve hot.

It would be a mistake to think that with such a diet for urolithiasis in women and men, salads are prohibited. They just become more useful. Let's say it's a salad with potatoes and sauce. Here you will need, in addition to the main ingredient, an egg yolk, low-fat sour cream, garlic, spices and the juice of half a lemon. Wash the potatoes and boil them in their skins. Peel and cut into medium-sized cubes. Pass the garlic through a garlic press and chop it with a knife. Mix with sour cream, boiled yolk and herbs. Combine potatoes with the resulting sauce.

You can make zrazy from rice. The ingredients include rice cereal, skinless chicken breast, and egg. Cook the rice until tender and divide into two halves. Rub the chicken breast through a meat grinder and mix with half the cereal. Form two cake layers. Lay and place the remaining rice with a boiled egg. Cover with the second cake layer. Bake in the oven or cook in a double boiler.

Pumpkin dishes are very healthy. You can make soup from it. To do this, take 300 g of pumpkin, 1 onion and 2 potatoes. You will also need a small carrot, some greens, 20 grams of olive oil. Boil potatoes, cut into cubes. After 15 minutes, chop the pumpkin into pieces and add to the potatoes. Lightly salt and continue cooking for 10 minutes. Do not allow the pumpkin to boil. It should be translucent. Instead, you can use squash or zucchini in this soup.

Diet for kidney stones in men is one of the main therapeutic measures in addition to drug therapy and a special operation for crushing with shock wave equipment.

Nephrolithiasis (kidney disease) is caused by for various reasons: poor environmental situation, stress, poor nutrition, hard water, excess consumption medicines. All these factors provoke the appearance of kidney stones in men and the exacerbation of diseases. To dissolve stones, you need not only to use special medications and folk remedies at home, but also reconsider your diet.

Basic nutrition rules

Comprehensive treatment for kidney stones includes healthy image life, including proper nutrition. To achieve sustainable results, the diet must be long-term. It is developed individually for each person, depending on the type of stones in the urine.

Diet in the presence of kidney stones will prevent their increase in size and the formation of new ones. In addition, appropriate nutrition will remove accumulated salts, improve the digestion process, and reduce the likelihood of inflammation in the urinary canals.

The basic rules of nutrition for kidney stones in men are as follows:

If you have kidney stones, you will have to avoid foods that contain large amounts of purines. This applies to foods high in animal proteins and saturated fatty acids.

For kidney stones the following are contraindicated:

• cookies, desserts with jam, preserves, creams, halva, baked goods;
• fatty meat and fish, caviar, seafood, sausage, smoked meats;
• jelly, coffee, cocoa;
• citrus;
• sour berries;
• greenery;
• egg yolk;
• salty cheeses with spices;
• legumes

Allowed foods include:

• whole wheat bread;
• porridge;
• pasta from durum wheat;
• chicken and turkey;
• lean fish (cod, pollock);
• fresh fruits and dried fruits;
• salads with pickled and sauerkraut;
• dairy products;
• mild cheeses;
• honey, pollen, marshmallow, marmalade.

It is recommended to consume more foods that have an alkalizing effect on urine and dissolve. The menu should include fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products containing bifidobacteria. The exception is phosphaturia, when it is necessary to create a special “acidic” environment.

It is recommended to consume more foods containing B vitamins, as they speed up the process of removing urate and oxalate stones. To enhance the effect, you need to introduce foods rich in vitamin A into your diet. It is not only beneficial for the whole body, but also restores the mucous layers of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Menu for the week

When preparing a diet for 7 days, you need to take into account all the secrets of proper nutrition for nephrolithiasis, exacerbation renal pathologies. It is recommended to develop the menu in advance.

An approximate diet for a week is presented in the table.

You can wash down your meals with black and green tea, a decoction of rose hips, dried fruit compote, berry juice, and milk. Before going to bed, it is recommended to drink a cup of kefir or yogurt, low-fat natural yogurt without fruit and berry additives. Additionally, you are allowed to have a snack before going to bed, cereal bread or biscuits.

Nutritional features for different types of stones

The diet may vary depending on the type of stones. Eat general rules dietary nutrition used for any kidney stones, but there are also certain features indicated in the table:

Recipes

Be sure to monitor your drinking regime and drink up to 2 liters of water per day.

To treat and prevent the disease, it is necessary to consume foods that prevent the formation of oxalic acid. It is through her fault that chemical compounds called oxalates are formed. They form insoluble stones.

To avoid the occurrence of urolithiasis or to treat it, you need to eat diuretic foods:

• fruits and berries: pineapple, cherry, viburnum, cranberry, blackberry, plum, peach, cherry, mango, watermelon, orange, quince, pear, pomegranate and its juices, lingonberries, lemon, dogwood, apples, currants, melon, blueberries, strawberries and wild strawberries;
• vegetables: rutabaga, beets, turnips, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, potatoes;
• porridge: buckwheat, barley, oats, rice, pearl barley, corn, millet;
• dried fruits: raisins;
• meat: wild poultry, rabbit, beef;
• mushrooms;
• bread (rye or made from wholemeal or second-grade flour);

Folk remedies for the treatment of urolithiasis

To remove uric acid from the body and to dissolve stones, you need to drink grape juice. If you take it for a long time, blood pressure normalizes.

Figs have an excellent diuretic effect.

You need to eat it every day, at least one piece a day.

Drink a decoction of celery. To do this, you need to take several of its branches, pour boiling water (200 milliliters), cover, and leave for 10-15 minutes. Filter. Divide into three doses.

Drink a tincture made from green oat grass (you can also use oat grains). To prepare a healing tincture, you need to take a bunch of green grass, pass it through a meat grinder (or finely chop it), and place it in a bottle with vodka or alcohol (diluted with water). Infuse for 3 weeks (be sure to place in a dark, warm place). Sometimes, the contents of the bottle need to be stirred. After three weeks, strain. You need to consume 60-80 drops per day (divide this amount into 3 doses) before meals (20-30 minutes).

If you make a tincture from oat grains, then you need to take an incomplete handful and grind it better in a coffee grinder. Then repeat the above steps. If fresh oat grass is not available, straw can also be used. Take a bunch of oat straw, put it in boiling water, leave for a couple of hours (until the water is gone Brown

), filter. Heat the resulting decoction, take napkins or a piece of cloth, soak it in this water, apply it to the kidneys, cover with cellophane, bandage it (preferably with a woolen belt or scarf), hold for 20 minutes. For the first time, 5 minutes may be enough. It all depends on the skin type (as soon as you feel a strong burning sensation, immediately remove this compress).

These compresses help expand the ureters, which is very good for the passage of stones.